ADAPTASI SUBAK DALAM BUDIDAYA PADI DI DESA PEOHO, KAWASAN TRANSMIGRASI ANAWUA, KABUPATEN KOLAKA

Abstract

EGA MAULANA. Adaptasi Subak dalam Budidaya Padi di Desa Peoho, Kawasan Transmigrasi Anawua, Kabupaten Kolaka. Dibimbing oleh WIDYA HASIAN SITUMEANG dan MOCHAMAD HASYIM BINTORO. Subak merupakan kelembagaan pertanian yang berperan dalam pengelolaan irigasi dan kegiatan budidaya padi. Penerapan subak di Desa Peoho merupakan keberlanjutan sistem pertanian yang dibawa masyarakat transmigran Bali dan diterapkan pada kondisi sosial, budaya dan lingkungan yang berbeda dengan daerah asalnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan subak dalam budidaya padi, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi adaptasi, serta menganalisis adaptasi subak di Desa Peoho. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Peoho, Kecamatan Watubangga, Kabupaten Kolaka, pada September 2025–September 2026 dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang didukung data kuantitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan survei terhadap 30 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Subak Harapan Tani berperan dalam pengelolaan irigasi, koordinasi kegiatan budidaya padi, pelaksanaan aturan, gotong royong serta kegiatan sosial dan budaya. Faktor yang memengaruhi adaptasi meliputi kondisi sosial, budaya, lingkungan dan dukungan eksternal. Adaptasi terjadi pada subsistem budaya, sosial dan artefak. Pada subsistem budaya, adaptasi terlihat melalui penyederhanaan dan penyesuaian pelaksanaan ritual. Pada subsistem sosial, adaptasi terlihat melalui struktur organisasi yang lebih sederhana, pembagian air yang fleksibel, serta penyesuaian iuran dan sanksi sesuai kondisi anggota. Pada subsistem artefak, Pura Bedugul tetap dipertahankan, sedangkan infrastruktur irigasi berkembang dari konstruksi sederhana menjadi jaringan irigasi permanen. Adaptasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Subak Harapan Tani mengalami perubahan pada bentuk dan mekanisme penerapannya sesuai kondisi lokal, tetapi tetap mempertahankan fungsi utama dalam pengelolaan air dan kegiatan pertanian serta nilai kebersamaan dan budaya yang menjadi dasar keberadaan subak. Kata kunci: adaptasi, budidaya padi, kelembagaan, subak, transmigrasi.

EGA MAULANA. Adaptation of Subak in Rice Cultivation in Peoho Village, Anawua Transmigration Area, Kolaka Regency. Supervised by WIDYA HASIAN SITUMEANG and MOCHAMAD HASYIM BINTORO. Subak is an agricultural institution that plays a role in irrigation management and rice cultivation activities. The implementation of subak in Peoho Village represents the continuation of an agricultural system brought by Balinese transmigrants and implemented under social, cultural, and environmental conditions that differ from those of its place of origin. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of subak in rice cultivation, identify factors influencing adaptation, and analyze the adaptation of subak in Peoho Village. The study was conducted in Peoho Village, Watubangga District, Kolaka Regency, from September 2025 to September 2026 using a qualitative approach supported by quantitative data. Data were collected through interviews, observations, documentation, and a survey of 30 respondents. The results showed that Subak Harapan Tani plays a role in irrigation management, coordination of rice cultivation activities, implementation of rules, mutual cooperation, and social and cultural activities. Factors influencing adaptation include social, cultural, environmental conditions, and external support. Adaptation occurred in the cultural, social, and artifact subsystems. In the cultural subsystem, adaptation was reflected in the simplification and adjustment of ritual practices. In the social subsystem, adaptation was reflected in a simpler organizational structure, flexible water distribution, and adjustments to membership fees and sanctions according to members' conditions. In the artifact subsystem, Pura Bedugul was maintained, while irrigation infrastructure developed from simple structures into permanent irrigation networks. These adaptations indicate that Subak Harapan Tani has modified the forms and mechanisms of its implementation according to local conditions while maintaining its primary functions in water management and agricultural activities, as well as the values of togetherness and culture underlying the existence of subak. Keywords: adaptation, rice cultivation, institution, subak, transmigration.