Rancang Bangun Sistem IoT Berbasis Mesh untuk Monitoring dan Penyiraman Terkendali Tanaman Hortikultura

Abstract

Pemantauan lingkungan tanaman hortikultura di lahan terbuka sulit dilakukan secara manual dan berkelanjutan sehingga diperlukan sistem pemantauan jarak jauh. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun sistem IoT berbasis jaringan mesh untuk memantau kondisi lingkungan sekaligus mengendalikan penyiraman. Sistem terdiri atas lima node ESP32-C3 Mini yang dilengkapi sensor DHT22, BH1750, dan kelembapan tanah kapasitif, serta satu gateway ESP32 WROOM 32U untuk mengendalikan pompa air. Data dikirim melalui painlessMesh, disimpan di Firebase, dan ditampilkan pada dashboard web. Pengujian dilakukan pada jarak antara 6,2 meter hingga 18,1 meter. Sistem mampu meneruskan data hingga tiga hop dengan Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) sebesar 96,2% dan delay rata-rata 398,5 milidetik. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa jaringan mesh dan dashboard berfungsi sesuai rancangan, sedangkan kendali penyiraman terbukti bekerja pada mode manual maupun otomatis dengan ambang kendali yang masih menunggu kalibrasi seluruh sensor kelembapan tanah.

Monitoring the growing environment of horticultural crops in open fields is difficult to perform manually and on a sustained basis, making a remote monitoring system necessary. This research aims to develop a mesh-based IoT system to monitor environmental conditions and control irrigation. The system consists of five ESP32-C3 Mini nodes equipped with DHT22, BH1750, and capacitive soil moisture sensors, as well as one ESP32 WROOM 32U gateway to control the water pump. Data is transmitted via painlessMesh, stored in Firebase, and displayed on a web dashboard. Testing was conducted at distances ranging from 6,2 meters to 18,1 meters, during which the system was able to relay data up to three hops with a packet delivery ratio of 96,2% and an average delay of 398,5 milliseconds. These results indicate that the mesh network and the dashboard performed as designed, while irrigation control was demonstrated in both manual and automatic modes, with its threshold still pending calibration of all soil moisture sensors.