Serangan Scirpophaga incertulas (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) dan Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) pada Pertanaman Padi dengan Perlakuan Insektisida

Abstract

Padi merupakan tanaman pangan utama yang menjadi sumber energi dan makanan pokok bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu masalah utama yang menyebabkan penurunan hasil panen yang signifikan adalah serangan hama. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan insektisida terhadap serangan penggerek batang padi kuning (Scirpophaga incertulas) dan belalang (Oxya chinensis) pada pertanaman padi. Penelitian dilakukan pada lahan seluas 900 m2 di Kelurahan Situgede, Kecamatan Bogor Barat, Kota Bogor menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada pertanaman padi mulai umur 2 hingga 12 minggu setelah tanam (MST). Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 perlakuan insektisida sintetik berbahan aktif klorantraniliprol, bioinsektisida berbahan aktif Bacillus thuringiensis dan Serratia marcescens, insektisida nabati berbahan mimba, dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan insektisida sintetik menurunkan tingkat intensitas serangan S. incertulas dan O. chinensis, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol berdasarkan uji Tukey pada taraf 5%. Selain itu, parasitoid telur Telenomus rowani ditemukan pada persemaian, petak insektisida sintetik, bioinsektisida, insektisida nabati, dan kontrol, sedangkan Trichogramma japonicum ditemukan pada persemaian, petak insektisida nabati, dan kontrol. Perlakuan insektisida tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap laba-laba predator yaitu famili Oxyopidae, Tetragnathidae, dan Lycosidae.

Rice is the main food crop, providing energy and serving as a staple for the Indonesian people. One of the main problems causing a significant decline in crop yields is pest infestation. This study aimed to determine the effect of insecticide treatments on infestations by the yellow rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) and the grasshopper (Oxya chinensis) in rice fields. The study was conducted on a 900 m² plot in Situgede Village, West Bogor District, Bogor City, using a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 6 replicates. Observations were made on the rice crops from 2 to 12 weeks after planting. This research used 4 treatments, a synthetic insecticide containing the active ingredient chlorantraniliprole, a bioinsecticide containing the active ingredients Bacillus thuringiensis and Serratia marcescens, a botanical insecticide derived from neem, and a control. The results showed that the synthetic insecticide treatment reduced infestation intensity of S. incertulas and O. chinensis, but did not differ significantly from the control at the 5% level of Tukey's test. Additionally, the egg parasitoid Telenomus rowani was found in the seedbed and in plots treated with synthetic insecticides, bioinsecticides, and botanical insecticides, as well as in the control plots, Trichogramma japonicum was found in the seedbed, botanical insecticide plots, and control plots. The insecticide treatments did not significantly affect predatory spiders belonging to the families Oxyopidae, Tetragnathidae, and Lycosidae.