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      Optimasi Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Ekstrak Temulawak, Kayumanis, Teh Hitam, dan Sirih Merah sebagai Inhibitor Enzim α-Glukosidase In Vitro

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
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      Theses
      Author
      Nggai, Stevanny Yulia Margarita
      Safithri, Mega
      Andrianto, Dimas
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      Abstract
      Diabetes melitus didefinisikan sebagai penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan stres oksidatif dan hiperglikemia, yang timbul akibat adanya gangguan pada sekresi insulin, resistensi kerja insulin, atau kombinasi dari kedua mekanisme tersebut. Pengobatan antihiperglikemia saat ini umumnya menggunakan obat obatan sintetis atau kimia, seperti metformin, sulfonylurea dan akarbosa, namun penggunaannya masih menimbulkan berbagai efek samping. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), teh hitam (Camellia sinensis), sirih merah (Piper crocatum) dan kayumanis (Cinnamomum burmanii) secara tunggal dilaporkan mengandung alkaloid dan tanin yang berperan sebagai antihiperglikemik melalui inhibisi enzim a-glukosidase, namun efek sinergis kombinasi keempatnya serta rasio optimalnya belum banyak dikaji dalam literatur ilmiah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi kombinasi keempat ekstrak menggunakan {4,4} Simplex Centroid Design (SCD) model special cubic untuk menentukan rasio optimal sebagai agen penghambat a-glucosidase. Ekstraksi melalui metode maserasi dengan etanol 70%, kemudian dianalisis kadar alkaloid total, tanin total dan kapasitas antioksidan (CuPRAC, ABTS). Lima belas kombinasi rasio dioptimasi menggunakan Design Expert 13.0, lalu formulasi terbaik diuji aktivitas inhibisi a-glucosidase. Model special cubic SCD terbukti signifikan (R2 0,94-0,99) untuk seluruh respon uji. Formulasi optimal didapatkan pada rasio 7,6% sirih merah, 48,1% teh hitam, 4,6% temulawak, dan 39,7% kayu manis, dengan nilai desirability = 1. Hasil verifikasi laboratorium menunjukkan konsistensi yang tinggi dengan hasil prediksi model dan tingkat penyimpangan yang sangat kecil (<5%). Formulasi optimal tersebut juga menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan a-glukosidase yang lebih kuat (IC50: 45,87±0,08) dibandingkan dengan ekstrak-ekstrak tersebut secara terpisah. Dengan demikian, kombinasi ekstrak hasil optimasi ini menunjukkan potensi sebagai agen antihiperglikemik alami, yang ditunjukkan dari peningkatan kandungan fitokimia, kapasitas antioksidan, serta aktivitas penghambatan a-glukosidase.
       
      Diabetes mellitus is defined as a metabolic disease characterized by oxidative stress and hyperglycemia, which arise due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or a combination of both mechanisms. Current antihyperglycemic treatment generally relies on synthetic or chemical drugs, such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and acarbose; however, their use still causes various side effects. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), black tea (Camellia sinensis), red betel leaf (Piper crocatum), and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) have each been reported to contain alkaloids and tannins that act as antihyperglycemic agents by inhibiting the enzyme a-glucosidase; however, the synergistic effects of combining these four plants and their optimal ratio have not been extensively studied in the scientific literature. Therefore, this study explores the combination of the four extracts using a {4,4} Simplex Centroid Design (SCD) with a special cubic model to determine the optimal ratio as an a-glucosidase inhibitor. Extraction was performed using the maceration method with 70% ethanol, followed by analysis of total alkaloid content, total tannin content, and antioxidant capacity (CuPRAC, ABTS). Fifteen ratio combinations were optimized using Design Expert 13.0, and the best formulation was then tested for a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The results showed, the SCD special cubic model proved to be significant (R² 0.94–0.99) for all test responses. The optimal formulation was obtained at a ratio of 7.6% red betel leaf, 48.1% black tea, 4.6% temulawak, and 39.7% cinnamon, with a desirability value of 1. Laboratory verification results showed high consistency with the model’s predictions and a very small deviation (<5%). The optimal formulation also exhibited stronger a-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50: 45.87 ± 0.08) compared to the individual extracts. In conclusion, this optimized combination of extracts shows potential as a natural antihyperglycemic agent, as evidenced by increased phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity, and a-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/180010
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      • MF - Mathematics and Natural Science [4270]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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