Karakteristik Bambu Batik (Bambusa maculata Widjaja) Asal Ternate

Abstract

Bambu batik (Bambusa maculata Widjaja) merupakan bambu lokal Ternate dengan corak khas yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku produk berbasis bambu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur anatomi, sifat fisis, sifat mekanis, dan keawetan alami bambu batik asal Ternate, serta menganalisis sifat fisis dan keawetan alami pada bagian pangkal, tengah, dan ujung batang. Pengamatan anatomi dilakukan secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis, pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis mengacu pada International Organization for Standardization 22157:2019, sedangkan pengujian keawetan alami berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7207:2014. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan uji Tukey pada taraf 5%. Bambu batik memiliki struktur anatomi berupa berkas vaskular, parenkim, serat sklerenkim, metaksilem, dan floem. Kadar air berkisar 14,757–15,315% dengan kerapatan 0,847–0,919 g/cm³. Nilai kuat tekan, tarik sejajar serat, dan tarik tegak lurus serat berturut-turut sebesar 61,17; 39,18; dan 10,20 MPa. Kehilangan berat akibat rayap tanah dan rayap kayu kering masing-masing sebesar 5,470–5,984% dan 2,225–2,584% dengan kelas ketahanan II berdasarkan SNI 7207:2014.

Batik bamboo (Bambusa maculata Widjaja) is a local bamboo species from Ternate with a distinctive pattern and potential for bamboo-based products. This study aimed to analyze the anatomical, physical, mechanical properties, and natural durability of batik bamboo, including variations among the base, middle, and tip sections. Anatomical observations were conducted macroscopically and microscopically, while physical and mechanical properties were tested according to International Organization for Standardization 22157:2019, and natural durability was evaluated based on Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7207:2014. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Tukey’s test at a 5% significance level. Batik bamboo consists of vascular bundles, parenchyma, sclerenchyma fibers, metaxylem, and phloem. Moisture content and density ranged from 14.757– 15.315% and 0.847–0.919 g/cm³, respectively. The compressive strength, parallel tensile strength, and perpendicular tensile strength were 61.17, 39.18, and 10.20 MPa, respectively. Weight loss caused by subterranean and drywood termites ranged from 5.470–5.984% and 2.225–2.584%, respectively, corresponding to durability class II according to SNI 7207:2014.