Skripsi a.n Agnes Andrian (A1401221055) Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Pengembangan Komoditas Manggis di Kabupaten Sukabumi Bagian Utara

Abstract

Pengembangan manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) di Kabupaten Sukabumi bagian utara memerlukan perencanaan berbasis kesesuaian biofisik dan ketersediaan ruang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan sebaran kelas kesesuaian lahan, mengidentifikasi ketersediaan lahan berdasarkan penggunaan lahan aktual dan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW), serta menyusun arahan prioritas spasial pengembangan manggis. Sebelas parameter biofisik dan aksesibilitas dianalisis menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Multi-Criteria Evaluation berbasis sistem informasi geografis. Ketersediaan dan prioritas lahan ditentukan melalui analisis tumpang susun, sedangkan penggunaan lahan dan kondisi aktual diverifikasi pada 54 titik pengamatan yang dipilih secara purposif. Hasil AHP menunjukkan rasio konsistensi 0,031, dengan curah hujan dan kedalaman efektif berbobot tertinggi. Kesesuaian lahan terdiri atas kelas S1 sebesar 29,62%, S2 sebesar 38,53%, S3 sebesar 30,53%, dan N sebesar 1,32%. Faktor pembatas utama ialah curah hujan lebih dari 3.300 mm/tahun dan lereng agak curam hingga curam. Integrasi analisis menghasilkan kelas sangat prioritas seluas 4.530 ha, prioritas 4.243 ha, agak prioritas 6.608 ha, dan tidak disarankan 32.041 ha. Observasi lapangan menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya produktivitas beberapa tegakan diduga berkaitan dengan curah hujan tinggi saat pembungaan dan serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman. Pengembangan manggis diarahkan pada lahan prioritas melalui konservasi tanah, pengelolaan drainase, pengendalian organisme pengganggu tanaman, dan agroforestri pada lahan tersedia bersyarat.

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) development in northern Sukabumi Regency requires planning based on biophysical suitability and spatial availability. This study aimed to determine land suitability classes, identify land availability based on land use and the Regional Spatial Plan, and formulate development priorities. Eleven biophysical and accessibility parameters were analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a geographic information system-based Multi-Criteria Evaluation. Land availability and priorities were determined through overlay analysis, while land-use interpretation and field conditions were verified at 54 purposively selected observation points. The AHP produced a consistency ratio of 0.031, with rainfall and effective soil depth receiving the highest weights. Land suitability consisted of 29.62% S1, 38.53% S2, 30.53% S3, and 1.32% N. The main limiting factors were rainfall exceeding 3,300 mm/year and moderately steep to steep slopes. The analysis resulted in 4,530 ha of very high priority land, 4,243 ha of priority land, 6,608 ha of moderate priority land, and 32,041 ha of not recommended land. Field observations suggested that low productivity was associated with high rainfall during flowering and pest and disease incidence. Mangosteen development should focus on priority areas through soil conservation, drainage management, pest and disease control, and agroforestry on conditionally available land.