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      Reformulasi dan Implementasi Model Optimasi Menu Makanan Pencegah Stunting Berbasis Mixed Integer Linear Programming

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Skripsi
      Subtype
      Undergraduate Theses
      Author
      Susanto, Aleeka Kiana Nakeisha
      Adrianto, Hari Agung
      Hanum, Farida
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      Abstract
      Stunting merupakan permasalahan gizi yang membutuhkan pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi secara optimal, salah satunya melalui penyusunan menu makanan dengan biaya minimal. Permasalahan ini melibatkan berbagai kendala gizi, pemilihan bahan pangan, serta aturan penjadwalan dan variasi makanan. Penelitian sebelumnya memodelkan permasalahan optimasi menu makanan pencegahan stunting menggunakan pendekatan Integer Nonlinear Programming, namun memiliki keterbatasan dalam implementasi komputasional. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan reformulasi model ke dalam bentuk Mixed Integer Linear Programming menggunakan pendekatan Big-M, sehingga model dapat dinyatakan secara linear dan diselesaikan secara komputasional. Model kemudian diimplementasikan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman R dengan bantuan paket ROI (R Optimization Infrastructure) dan solver GLPK (GNU Linear Programming Kit), serta diuji pada empat kelompok pengguna (bayi 6-11 bulan, anak usia 1-3 tahun, anak usia 4-5 tahun, dan ibu hamil). Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa solver GLPK berhasil memperoleh solusi yang memenuhi seluruh kendala gizi dan aturan konsumsi yang ditetapkan (feasible) pada seluruh kasus dalam batas waktu komputasi 120-240 detik. Dari keempat kasus, dua kasus berhasil mencapai status optimal (GLP_OPT), sedangkan dua kasus lainnya memperoleh status feasible (GLP_FEAS). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa reformulasi model mampu diselesaikan secara komputasional menggunakan solver linear dengan memenuhi semua kebutuhan gizi serta aturan konsumsi yang ditetapkan.
       
      Stunting is a nutritional problem whose prevention requires the optimal fulfillment of nutritional needs, one of which can be achieved through the development of minimum-cost meal plans. This problem involves various nutritional constraints, food selection, as well as meal scheduling and food variety rules. Previous research modeled the stunting-prevention meal optimization problem using an Integer Nonlinear Programming approach; however, this approach had limitations in computational implementation. Therefore, this study aims to reformulate the model into a Mixed Integer Linear Programming form using the Big-M approach, so that the model can be expressed linearly and solved computationally. The model was then implemented using the R programming language with the help of the ROI (R Optimization Infrastructure) package and the GLPK (GNU Linear Programming Kit) solver, and was tested on four user groups (infants aged 6-11 months, children aged 1-3 years, children aged 4-5 years, and pregnant women). The optimization results show that the GLPK solver successfully obtained solutions that satisfy all specified nutritional constraints and consumption rules (feasible) for all cases within a computation time limit of 120-240 seconds. Of the four cases, two cases successfully reached optimal status (GLP_OPT), while the other two cases obtained feasible status (GLP_FEAS). These results show that the model reformulation can be solved computationally using a linear solver while satisfying all specified nutritional needs and consumption rules.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179773
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