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      Strategi Pengelolaan Sampah Berkelanjutan di Sekolah Alam Bogor

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Hasanah, Nur Fitri
      Cahyadi, Eko Ruddy
      Aminah, Mimin
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      Abstract
      Permasalahan sampah di Indonesia masih menjadi tantangan dalam mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Pada tahun 2024, capaian pengurangan sampah nasional baru mencapai 1,33%, masih jauh dari target sebesar 30%. Di wilayah Bogor, keterbatasan kapasitas tempat pemrosesan akhir (TPA) semakin menegaskan pentingnya pengelolaan sampah secara mandiri di tingkat komunitas, termasuk institusi pendidikan. Sebagai sekolah berbasis alam, Sekolah Alam Bogor memiliki potensi menjadi model pengelolaan sampah berkelanjutan berbasis ekonomi sirkular. Namun, implementasi prinsip 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) belum berjalan optimal karena belum adanya pengukuran timbulan dan aliran material secara sistematis, belum ditetapkannya prioritas produk olahan sampah, serta belum tersusunnya model bisnis yang mendukung pengembangan pengelolaan sampah secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis timbulan, komposisi, dan aliran material sampah, mengevaluasi kondisi pengelolaan sampah eksisting, mengidentifikasi alternatif produk olahan sampah yang berpotensi dikembangkan, menentukan produk prioritas menggunakan analytical hierarchy process (AHP), menyusun circular business model canvas (CBMC) untuk produk prioritas, serta mengevaluasi kelayakan finansial model bisnis yang diusulkan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan studi kasus di Sekolah Alam Bogor pada Januari–Juli 2026. Pengukuran timbulan dan komposisi sampah dilakukan selama 14 hari kerja efektif sesuai SNI 3964:2025. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan material flow analysis (MFA) untuk memetakan aliran material, AHP dengan melibatkan enam pakar untuk menentukan prioritas alternatif produk olahan, penyusunan circular business model canvas (CBMC) untuk merancang model bisnis berbasis ekonomi sirkular, serta analisis kelayakan finansial melalui indikator net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), benefit cost ratio (B/C Ratio), dan payback period (PP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata timbulan sampah di Sekolah Alam Bogor mencapai 165,16 kg/hari atau 0,17 kg/orang/hari. Komposisi sampah didominasi oleh sampah organik sebesar 71,23%, yang terdiri atas sampah taman (40,79%) dan sampah makanan (30,44%). Sementara itu, sampah anorganik mencapai 28,77%, yang didominasi oleh residu (24,03%), diikuti plastik keras (3,24%) dan kardus (1,50%). Hasil MFA menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar sampah organik telah dimanfaatkan melalui pengomposan, sedangkan sebagian besar sampah anorganik masih memerlukan pengelolaan lebih lanjut melalui mitra eksternal. Nilai waste diversion rate (WDR) internal mencapai 76,00% dan meningkat menjadi 77,79% setelah memperhitungkan pengelolaan oleh pihak eksternal. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pengelolaan sampah di Sekolah Alam Bogor relatif baik, meskipun masih terdapat peluang peningkatan untuk mengurangi residu yang berakhir di tempat pemrosesan akhir. Berdasarkan proses penyaringan, diperoleh empat alternatif produk olahan sampah yang layak dikembangkan, yaitu layer composting, vermikompos, upcycling kertas, dan cacahan plastik. Penentuan prioritas menggunakan analytical hierarchy process (AHP) menunjukkan bahwa layer composting merupakan alternatif terbaik karena memiliki nilai tertinggi berdasarkan aspek teknis, ekonomi, lingkungan, dan kelembagaan. Produk ini dinilai paling sesuai dengan karakteristik timbulan sampah Sekolah Alam Bogor yang didominasi oleh sampah organik serta didukung oleh ketersediaan sumber daya dan peluang pasar. Selanjutnya disusun circular business model canvas (CBMC) untuk mendukung implementasi produk prioritas. Model bisnis ini menekankan penciptaan nilai melalui pemanfaatan sampah organik menjadi produk bernilai ekonomi, penguatan kemitraan dengan berbagai pemangku kepentingan, optimalisasi sumber daya internal sekolah, serta integrasi aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan dalam pengelolaan sampah. Penerapan CBMC diharapkan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi pengelolaan sampah sekaligus menghasilkan manfaat ekonomi yang dapat mendukung keberlanjutan operasional sekolah. Analisis kelayakan finansial menunjukkan bahwa model bisnis pengelolaan sampah terintegrasi layak untuk diterapkan. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan nilai NPV positif, IRR yang melebihi tingkat suku bunga yang digunakan, rasio manfaat-biaya lebih besar dari satu, serta periode pengembalian investasi yang relatif singkat. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan usaha pengolahan sampah tidak hanya memberikan manfaat lingkungan melalui pengurangan sampah yang dibuang ke TPA, tetapi juga berpotensi memberikan keuntungan ekonomi bagi sekolah. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan material flow analysis (MFA), analytical hierarchy process (AHP), dan circular business model canvas (CBMC) dapat menghasilkan strategi pengelolaan sampah yang lebih terarah, terintegrasi, dan berkelanjutan. Model yang dihasilkan berpotensi menjadi contoh penerapan ekonomi sirkular di lingkungan pendidikan serta dapat direplikasi pada sekolah lain dengan karakteristik yang serupa. Untuk implementasi lebih lanjut, diperlukan validasi teknis, finansial, kelembagaan, dan pasar melalui uji coba terbatas (pilot project) sebelum model diterapkan secara penuh.
       
      Waste management remains a major challenge in achieving sustainable development in Indonesia. In 2024, the national waste reduction rate reached only 1.33%, far below the government's target of 30%. In Bogor, the limited capacity of landfill facilities further highlights the need for decentralized waste management at the community level, including educational institutions. As a nature-based school, Sekolah Alam Bogor has the potential to become a model for sustainable waste management based on the principles of the 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) and the circular economy. However, its waste management practices have not been supported by a systematic assessment of material flows, prioritization of waste-derived products, or an integrated business model. This study aimed to analyze waste generation, composition, and material flows; evaluate the existing waste management system; identify potential waste-derived products; determine product priorities using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP); develop a circular business model canvas (CBMC) for the selected product; and assess the financial feasibility of the proposed business model. A mixed-method case study was conducted at Sekolah Alam Bogor from January to July 2026. Waste generation and composition were measured over 14 working days in accordance with SNI 3964:2025. Data were analyzed using material flow analysis (MFA) and mass balance to map material flows, Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to prioritize product alternatives based on expert judgments, circular business model canvas (CBMC) to design the circular business model, and financial feasibility analysis using net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), benefit-cost ratio (B/C Ratio), and payback period (PP). The results showed that the average waste generation at Sekolah Alam Bogor was 165.16 kg/day or 0.17 kg/person/day. Organic waste accounted for 71.23% of the total waste, consisting primarily of garden waste (40.79%) and food waste (30.44%), while inorganic waste represented 28.77%, dominated by residual waste (24.03%), followed by rigid plastics (3.24%) and cardboard (1.50%). The Material flow analysis (MFA) indicated that most organic waste was processed through composting, whereas recyclable inorganic waste was managed mainly through external partners. The internal waste diversion rate (WDR) reached 76.00% and increased to 77.79% when external recovery activities were included, indicating that the school has implemented an effective waste management system while still offering opportunities to reduce residual waste sent to landfill. The screening process identified four feasible waste-derived products: layer composting, vermicompost, paper upcycling, and plastic shredding. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) identified layer composting as the highest-priority alternative based on technical, economic, environmental, and institutional criteria. This option was considered the most suitable because the school's waste stream is predominantly organic and the required resources and market opportunities are readily available. Based on the selected priority, a circular business model canvas (CBMC) was developed to support implementation. The proposed business model creates value by converting organic waste into marketable products, strengthening partnerships with relevant stakeholders, optimizing internal resources, and integrating environmental, social, and economic values into the school's waste management system. This approach is expected to improve operational efficiency while generating additional economic benefits to support long-term sustainability. The financial feasibility analysis demonstrated that the proposed integrated waste management business model is financially viable. The results indicated a positive NPV, an IRR exceeding the discount rate, a benefit-cost ratio greater than one, and a relatively short payback period. These findings suggest that the proposed model not only reduces the amount of waste disposed of in landfills but also creates economic value for the school. Overall, this study demonstrates that integrating material flow analysis (MFA), analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and the circular business model canvas (CBMC) provides a comprehensive strategy for sustainable waste management. The proposed model has the potential to serve as a practical reference for implementing the 3R principles and the circular economy in educational institutions and may be adapted for schools with similar characteristics. Future implementation should be supported by pilot-scale validation to evaluate its technical, financial, institutional, and market feasibility before full-scale adoption.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179737
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      • MF - Economic and Management [3344]

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