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      Studi Keragaman Agronomi, Heritabilitas dan Produksi Mutan Padi Varietas Diah Suci Generasi M2

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Palupi, Agnes Retno
      Sopandie, Didy
      Dewi, Azri Kusuma
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      Abstract
      Mutasi terinduksi menggunakan sinar gamma merupakan salah satu metode yang efektif untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik pada tanaman padi. Sinar gamma mampu menyebabkan perubahan pada materi genetik melalui kerusakan DNA yang memicu terbentuknya variasi baru pada tingkat gen dan kromosom. Variasi ini dapat diwariskan kepada generasi berikutnya dan menimbulkan perbedaan fenotipe yang dapat diamati pada generasi M2. Generasi M2 merupakan generasi penting dalam pemuliaan mutasi karena mutasi yang bersifat resesif mulai terekspresi dan relatif lebih stabil pada generasi ini dibandingkan generasi M1. Pengamatan ragam genetik dalam pemuliaan padi melalui mutasi induksi pada generasi awal sangat menarik. Mutasi klorofil merupakan salah satu indikator paling andal dan efektif untuk mengevaluasi efek genetik dari perlakuan mutagenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji keragaman karakter agronomi, heritabilitas, dan produksi pada padi Diah Suci generasi M2 hasil iradiasi sinar gamma. Studi meliputi pengamatan mutasi klorofil pada fase bibit dan dilanjutkan dengan mempelajari keragaman fenotipik dan parameter genetik pada fase generatif. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) satu faktor dalam dua tahap, dengan enam dosis iradiasi dan tiga ulangan. Tahap pertama dilakukan pengamatan mutasi klorofil pada fase bibit, sedangkan tahap kedua dilakukan pengamatan terhadap mutan M2 terpilih untuk pengamatan karakter agronomi dan parameter genetik. Dosis iradiasi tertentu menghasilkan indeks dan frekuensi mutasi klorofil tertinggi, secara nyata melampaui perlakuan lainnya dan mengindikasikan respons dosis yang tidak linier. Pada fase generatif, sebagian besar karakter agronomi menunjukkan keragaman genetik rendah, kecuali jumlah anakan total yang tergolong sedang serta jumlah dan persentase gabah hampa yang tergolong tinggi. Jumlah anakan total pada fase vegetatif awal serta karakter gabah hampa menunjukkan heritabilitas dan harapan kemajuan genetik yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi dijadikan kriteria seleksi dini. Indeks dan frekuensi mutasi klorofil umumnya tidak berkorelasi dengan karakter agronomi, kecuali kerapatan malai yang menunjukkan korelasi positif nyata. Secara keseluruhan, iradiasi sinar gamma menghasilkan keragaman genetik pada populasi M2 padi Diah Suci sebagai dasar program seleksi lanjutan.
       
      Induced mutation using gamma irradiation is an effective approach for increasing genetic variability in rice. Gamma rays can induce changes in genetic material through DNA damage, leading to the formation of new variations at both the gene and chromosome levels. These variations can be inherited by subsequent generations and may result in phenotypic differences that can be observed in the M2 generation. The M2 generation is particularly important in mutation breeding because recessive mutations begin to be expressed and are relatively more stable than those observed in the M1 generation. The assessment of genetic variability in the early generations of rice mutation breeding is of considerable interest. Chlorophyll mutations are among the most reliable and effective indicators for evaluating the genetic effects of mutagenic treatments. This study aimed to evaluate agronomic character variability, heritability, and yield performance in the M2 generation of Diah Suci rice derived from gamma irradiation. The study included observations of chlorophyll mutations at the seedling stage, followed by an evaluation of phenotypic variability and genetic parameters at the generative stage. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with one factor in two experimental stages, consisting of six irradiation doses and three replications. In the first stage, chlorophyll mutations were evaluated during the seedling phase, while in the second stage, selected M2 mutants were assessed for agronomic characters and genetic parameters. A specific irradiation dose produced the highest chlorophyll mutation index and frequency, significantly exceeding those of the other treatments and indicating a nonlinear dose response. At the generative stage, most agronomic characters exhibited low genetic variability, except for total tiller number, which showed moderate variability, and the number and percentage of unfilled grains, which showed high variability. Total tiller number during the early vegetative stage, as well as traits associated with unfilled grains, exhibited high heritability and high expected genetic advance, indicating their potential as criteria for early selection. Chlorophyll mutation index and frequency were generally not correlated with agronomic characters, except for panicle density, which showed a significant positive correlation. Overall, gamma irradiation successfully generated genetic variability in the M2 population of Diah Suci rice, providing a valuable basis for further selection in subsequent generations.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179733
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      • MF - Agriculture [4153]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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