PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK GENERASI DAN E-LEARNING TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL MULTIGENERASI DI LEMBAGA ADMINISTRASI NEGARA

Abstract

Penerapan sistem merit menempatkan kompetensi sebagai dasar utama, sehingga peran Lembaga Administrasi Negara (LAN) perlu didukung oleh sumber daya manusia yang kompeten. Tantangan muncul dari struktur pegawai negeri sipil, yang terdiri dari beberapa generasi dengan karakteristik yang beragam, menghasilkan hasil kompetensi yang bervariasi. Meskipun pelatihan e-learning telah dilakukan, hasil pemetaan kompetensi Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) multi-generasi di LAN menunjukkan bahwa belum semua hasilnya optimal. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik generasi dan e-learning terhadap kompetensi, menganalisis perbedaan pengaruh e-learning terhadap kompetensi di antara PNS Gen X, Gen Y, dan Gen Z serta merumuskan prioritas strategi pendekatan metode e-learning sebagai bentuk pengembangan kompetensi gen X, gen Y dan gen Z di LAN. Penelitian kuantitatif ini melibatkan 135 responden pegawai negeri sipil LAN yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive dan quota sampling. 5 pakar juga terlibat, dengan latar belakang akademisi, praktisi SDM dan pengalaman e-learning serta praktisi dari pejabat LAN. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan statistik inferensia dengan Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) dan Partial Least Squares-Multi Group Analysis (PLS-MGA) melalui perangkat lunak SmartPLS 4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik generasi memiliki pengaruh positif yang kuat dan signifikan terhadap kompetensi (dugaan beta= 0.641; p < 0.001). Pelatihan e-learning juga terbukti memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kompetensi (dugaan beta= 0.211; p = 0.009), meskipun efeknya relatif rendah. Melalui uji PLS-MGA, perbedaan signifikan dalam dampak e-learning terhadap kompetensi hanya ditemukan dalam uji perbandingan antara kelompok Gen X dan Gen Y (nilai p = 0,032), di mana e-learning memiliki dampak paling signifikan dalam meningkatkan kompetensi untuk Gen X. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa karakteristik generasi dan e-learning merupakan variabel penjelas dari kompetensi. Semakin tinggi karakteristik khas generasi yang dimiliki oleh pegawai negeri sipil yang terpenuhi, semakin tinggi kompetensi yang ditunjukkan. E-learning memiliki dampak paling signifikan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap dalam kompetensi teknis. Gen X dan Gen Y memiliki respons dan preferensi yang berbeda terhadap pendekatan e-learning untuk meningkatkan kompetensi mereka, sementara Gen Y dan Gen Z serupa. Sinkronus adalah alternatif pendekatan e-learning yang paling diprioritaskan, mengingat keuntungan dari interaksi tatap muka virtual secara real-time, sehingga mendukung tujuan pembelajaran. Kebijakan dan kualitas konten menjadi dua kriteria yang diprioritaskan secara bersamaan. Temuan ini menyajikan sebuah formulasi yang dapat meningkatkan kompetensi PNS multigenerasi dalam rangka mendukung transformasi PNS yang kompeten dan profesional.

The implementation of a merit system places competence as the main foundation, so the role of the National Institute of Public Administration (LAN) needs to be supported by competent human resources. Challenges arise from the civil service structure, which consists of multiple generations with diverse characteristics, resulting in varied competency outcomes. Although e-learning training has been conducted, the results of the multi-generational civil servant competency mapping at LAN show that not all competency outcomes are optimal. This study aims to analyze the influence of generational characteristics and e-learning on competence, as well as to analyze the differences in the influence of e-learning on competence among Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z civil servants. This quantitative research involves 135 LAN civil servant respondents selected using purposive and quota sampling techniques. 5 experts also involved, with academic and practitioner backgrounds in human resources and e-learning experience. Data analysis was conducted using inferential statistics with Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Partial Least Squares-Multi Group Analysis (PLS-MGA) thru SmartPLS 4 software. The research results show that generational characteristics have a strong positive and significant impact on competence (estimated beta= 0.641; p < 0.001). E-learning training also proved to have a positive and significant effect on competence (estimated beta = 0.211; p = 0.009), although the effect is relatively low. PLS-MGA testing revealed a significant difference in the impact of e-learning on competence only in the comparison between Gen X and Gen Y groups (p-value = 0.032), with e-learning having the most significant impact on enhancing competence for Gen X. This study concludes that generational characteristics and e-learning serve as explanatory variables for competence. The extent to which the distinct generational characteristics of civil servants are realized correlates positively with the level of competence demonstrated. the more the distinctive characteristics of the generation possessed by civil servants are met, the higher the competence demonstrated. E-learning has the most significant impact on improving knowledge, skills, and attitudes in technical competence. Gen X and Gen Y have different responses and preferences for e-learning approaches to enhance their competencies, while Gen Y and Gen Z are similar. Synchronous is the most prioritised alternative e-learning approach, considering the advantages of virtual real-time face-to-face interaction, thus supporting the learning objectives. Policies and content quality become two criteria that are simultaneously prioritised. Therefore, these findings offer a formulation to enhance the competencies of a multigenerational civil service workforce, thereby supporting the transformation toward a competent and professional civil service.