Dampak Perubahan Tutupan Lahan terhadap Suhu Permukaan di Kecamatan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor menggunakan Citra Landsat 8

Abstract

Kecamatan Dramaga berkembang pesat sebagai kawasan penyangga dan pusat pendidikan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak perubahan tutupan lahan terhadap suhu permukaan (Land Surface Temperature/LST) periode 2014–2024. Klasifikasi tutupan lahan dilakukan menggunakan algoritma Random Forest pada citra Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS, sedangkan ekstraksi LST menggunakan Single-Channel Algorithm dan hubungan antarvariabel dianalisis dengan korelasi Pearson. Hasil menunjukkan ekspansi lahan terbangun sebesar 277,82 ha (125,6%) yang menggantikan tegalan seluas 212 ha (15,08%) serta meningkatkan rata-rata LST sebesar 1,84°C menjadi 37,16°C. Suhu tertinggi terdapat pada lahan terbangun (41,30°C), sedangkan terendah pada kebun campuran (34,72°C). Kerapatan bangunan berkorelasi positif dengan LST (r=0,77), sedangkan kerapatan vegetasi berkorelasi negatif (r=-0,81). Selisih suhu 6,58°C mengonfirmasi fenomena Urban Heat Island (UHI). Peningkatan dominasi lahan terbangun menjadi faktor utama penguatan UHI, sehingga pengendalian konversi lahan dan penambahan ruang hijau diperlukan.

Dramaga District is growing rapidly as a buffer area and center of higher education. This study aims to analyze the impact of land cover change on the Land Surface Temperature (LST) for the 2014–2024 period. Land cover classification was carried out using the Random Forest algorithm on the Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery, while the LST extraction was carried out using the Single-Channel Algorithm and the relationships between variables were analyzed with Pearson correlation. The results showed an expansion of built land of 277.82 ha (125.6%) which replaced a dryland of 212 ha (15.08%) and an increase in the average LST by 1.84°C to 37.16°C. The highest temperature is found in built-up land (41.30°C), while the lowest is in mixed gardens (34.72°C). Building density was positively correlated with LST (r=0.77), while vegetation density was negatively correlated (r=-0.81). The temperature difference of 6.58°C confirms the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. Increasing the dominance of built land is the main factor in strengthening UHI, so controlling land conversion and adding green space is needed.