Keterkaitan Body Image, Perilaku Makan, Konsumsi Pangan, dan Status Gizi (IMT/U) Remaja Putri

Abstract

Permasalahan gizi pada remaja putri, seperti overweight dan obese berkaitan dengan ketidakpuasan body image yang dapat memicu perilaku makan yang kurang baik. Penelitian cross-sectional ini menganalisis keterkaitan body image, perilaku makan, konsumsi pangan, dan status gizi (IMT/U) pada 61 siswi kelas 8 SMPN 1 Ciomas, Kabupaten Bogor, Mei 2026, menggunakan purposive sampling. Body image dan perilaku makan diukur dengan BSQ-34 dan DEBQ, konsumsi pangan melalui food recall 2×24 jam, aktivitas fisik melalui activity recall 2×24 jam, dan status gizi melalui antropometri IMT/U. Analisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dan Pearson. Hasil menunjukkan sebagian besar subjek berusia 14 tahun (80,3%), memiliki uang saku Rp15.000,00-Rp20.000,00/hari, serta berasal dari keluarga dengan tingkat pendidikan dan pendapatan orang tua yang relatif rendah. Sebagian besar subjek memiliki body image positif (63,9%), perilaku emotional eating (57,4%), restrained eating (54,1%), dan external eating (52,5%) yang kurang baik, aktivitas sedentary (57,4%), kecukupan energi dan zat gizi yang defisit, serta status gizi normal (83,6%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara body image dengan perilaku makan, pendidikan ibu dengan kecukupan lemak, usia subjek dengan kecukupan protein, serta external eating dengan kecukupan energi, protein, dan karbohidrat. Body image negatif meningkatkan risiko perilaku makan yang kurang baik, sehingga diperlukan edukasi gizi dan psikologis komprehensif.

Nutritional problems among adolescent girls, such as being overweight and obese, are associated with body image dissatisfaction, which can trigger unhealthy eating behaviors. This cross-sectional study analyzed the associations between body image, eating behaviors, food intake, and nutritional status (BMI-for-Age) among 61 eighth-grade female students at SMPN 1 Ciomas, Bogor Regency, in May 2026, using purposive sampling. Body image and eating behaviors were measured using the BSQ-34 and DEBQ; food intake was assessed via a 2×24-hour food recall; physical activity was assessed via a 2×24-hour activity recall; and nutritional status was assessed via anthropometric measurements of BMI-for-Age. Analyses were performed using Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlation tests. The results showed that the majority of the subjects were 14 years old (80.3%), had an allowance of Rp15,000.00–Rp20,000.00 per day, and came from families with relatively low levels of parental education and income. Most subjects had a positive body image (63.9%), but exhibited less-than-ideal emotional eating (54.1%), and external eating (52.5%) behaviors, as well as sedentary activity (57.4%), energy and nutrient deficiencies, and normal nutritional status (83.6%). There were significant associations (p<0.05) between body image and eating behaviors; between maternal education and fat adequacy; between subject age and protein adequacy; and between external eating and energy, protein, and carbohydrate adequacy. Negative body image increases the risk of unhealthy eating behaviors, thus requiring comprehensive nutritional and psychological education.