Analisis Distribusi Timbal Pada Partikulat TSP, PM10, PM2,5 Udara Ambien Menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom

Abstract

Pencemaran udara ambien akibat partikulat dapat membawa logam berat, salah satunya timbal (Pb), yang bersifat toksik bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis distribusi kadar logam timbal (Pb) pada fraksi partikulat TSP, PM10, dan PM2.5 di udara ambien menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS). Konsentrasi partikulat ditentukan secara gravimetri, sedangkan kadar Pb dianalisis menggunakan SSA setelah proses destruksi sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi partikulat dan kadar Pb memiliki pola distribusi TSP > PM10 > PM2.5 serta seluruh hasil pengukuran masih memenuhi baku mutu udara ambien berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2021. Hasil uji One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kadar Pb yang signifikan antarfraksi partikulat, yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji Games–Howell untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan kadar Pb pada masing-masing fraksi partikulat.

Ambient air pollution caused by particulate matter may contain heavy metals, including lead (Pb), which is toxic to human health. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of lead (Pb) levels in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 particulate fractions in ambient air using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Particulate samples were collected using a High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS). Particulate concentrations were determined using the gravimetric method, while lead levels were measured by AAS following sample digestion. The results showed that both particulate concentrations and Pb levels followed the distribution pattern of TSP > PM10 > PM2.5, and all measured values complied with the ambient air quality standards stipulated in the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021. One-Way ANOVA indicated significant differences in Pb levels among particulate fractions, which were further evaluated using the Games–Howell post hoc test to identify differences in Pb levels between particulate fractions.