Rancang Bangun Sistem Off-Grid Pemberi Pakan dan Pemantauan Kualitas Air Kolam Ikan Berbasis ESP32 dan LoRa Point-to-Point

Abstract

Budi daya ikan memerlukan pemberian pakan yang teratur dan pemantauan kualitas air, terutama pada lokasi dengan keterbatasan listrik dan internet. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sistem off-grid untuk pemberian pakan otomatis serta pemantauan suhu, pH, dan sisa pakan berbasis ESP32 dengan komunikasi LoRa point-to-point. Sistem terdiri atas unit transmitter bertenaga baterai dengan mode deep sleep dan RTC serta unit receiver untuk menampilkan data dan memberikan peringatan. Kinerja sistem dievaluasi melalui pengujian penjadwalan, ketahanan baterai, kualitas komunikasi LoRa, serta pengujian akurasi sensor menggunakan metode pengukuran Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan nilai MAE suhu sebesar 0,258 °C dan pH sebesar 0,022 unit. Mekanisme pemberi pakan menghasilkan sekitar 0,6 g per siklus gerakan servo. Sistem mampu beroperasi sekitar 27–28 hari menggunakan baterai LiPo 5.000 mAh. Komunikasi tanpa kehilangan paket tercapai hingga 207,3 m, sedangkan pada jarak 504,1 m diperoleh packet loss sebesar 23,3%

Fish farming requires regular feeding and water quality monitoring, particularly at sites with limited electricity and internet access. This study aimed to develop an off-grid system for automatic feeding and monitoring of temperature, pH, and remaining feed using ESP32 and point-to-point LoRa communication. The system consisted of a battery-powered transmitter using a deep sleep mode and RTC scheduling, as well as a receiver for displaying data and providing alerts. System performance was evaluated through scheduling tests, battery endurance tests, LoRa communication tests, and sensor accuracy testing using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) measurement method. The results showed MAEs of 0.258 °C for temperature and 0.022 pH units for pH. The feeding mechanism delivered approximately 0.6 g per servo movement cycle. The system operated for approximately 27–28 days using a 5,000 mAh LiPo battery. Zero packet loss was achieved up to 207.3 m, while a packet loss of 23.3% was observed at 504.1 m.