Sistem Pemantauan TDS dan pH Akuaponik Berbasis IoT serta Korelasinya dengan Pertumbuhan Selada Keriting

Abstract

Pemantauan kualitas air penting dalam budidaya akuaponik, tetapi penelitian sebelumnya umumnya berfokus pada pengembangan sistem tanpa mengevaluasi akurasi sensor dan pemanfaatan data historis untuk menganalisis pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem pemantauan berbasis Internet of Things (IoT), mengevaluasi akurasi sensor TDS dan pH, serta menganalisis kecenderungan hubungannya dengan pertumbuhan selada keriting. Sistem menggunakan ESP32, sensor TDS, pH, dan suhu air DS18B20 yang terintegrasi dengan Supabase, website monitoring, dan Telegram Bot. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan black-box testing, sedangkan akurasi dievaluasi menggunakan MBE, MAE, dan RMSE terhadap alat referensi serta hubungan dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Spearman berdasarkan data 9 Februari–27 Maret 2026 dari tiga tanaman. Sistem berfungsi sesuai rancangan. Sensor TDS memperoleh MAE 30,21 ppm, RMSE 31,75 ppm, dan MBE 30,21 ppm, sedangkan sensor pH memperoleh MAE 0,0621, RMSE 0,0767, dan MBE -0,0456. Hasil korelasi menunjukkan kecenderungan positif, tetapi p-value >0,05 sehingga hasil bersifat eksploratif dan tidak menunjukkan hubungan sebab-akibat.

Water quality monitoring is important in aquaponic cultivation, but previous studies have generally focused on system development without evaluating sensor accuracy or using historical data to examine plant growth. This study aimed to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system, evaluate TDS and pH sensor accuracy, and analyze their relationship with curly lettuce growth. The system used an ESP32, TDS, pH, and DS18B20 temperature water sensors integrated with Supabase, a web dashboard, and Telegram Bot. System functionality was evaluated using black-box testing, while sensor accuracy was assessed using MBE, MAE, and RMSE against reference instruments. Spearman correlation was used to analyze data collected from 9 February–27 March 2026 from three plants. The system operated as designed. TDS obtained an MAE of 30,21 ppm, RMSE of 31,75 ppm, and MBE of 30,21 ppm, while pH obtained 0,0621, 0,0767, and -0,0456, respectively. Positive correlation tendencies were observed, but p-values >0,05 indicated exploratory findings without causal relationships.