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      Pengaruh Aplikasi Herbisida Terhadap Keanekaragaman Artropoda di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat di Kabupaten Kampar, Riau

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Harahap, Nazhira Utami
      Damayanti
      Hidayat, Purnama
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      Abstract
      Kelapa sawit merupakan komoditas perkebunan strategis di Indonesia yang dibudidayakan secara luas, termasuk oleh petani rakyat. Namun, perkebunan kelapa sawit sering dikaitkan dengan penurunan keanekaragaman hayati akibat model penanaman monokultur dalam skala luas. Penggunaan herbisida merupakan salah satu praktik pengelolaan yang umum dilakukan untuk mengendalikan gulma pada perkebunan kelapa sawit. Meskipun demikian, penggunaan herbisida berpotensi memengaruhi organisme non-target yang berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem, khususnya artropoda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh herbisida terhadap kelimpahan, kekayaan dan komposisi komunitas artropoda, serta menganalisis faktor lingkungan yang berasosiasi dengan keanekaragaman komunitas artropoda di perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat di Kabupaten Kampar, Riau. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tujuh plot yang tersebar di empat desa pada bulan Juni hingga Agustus 2023. Setiap plot dibagi perlakuan tanpa herbisida dan perlakuan herbisida, yang masing-masing berukuran sekitar 50 m x 200 m. Pengambilan sampel artropoda dilakukan dengan menggunakan pitfall trap pada tiga waktu pengamatan, yaitu sebelum aplikasi herbisida, satu minggu setelah aplikasi herbisida dan enam minggu setelah aplikasi herbisida. Total artropoda yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 4470 individu, terdiri dari 15 ordo, 89 famili, dan 297 morfospesies. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu pengamatan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kelimpahan artropoda (p < 0.05), sedangkan aplikasi herbisida tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kelimpahan artropoda (p > 0.05). Sebaliknya, kekayaan spesies menunjukkan adanya interaksi yang signifikan antara waktu pengamatan dan perlakuan herbisida (p < 0.05) yang menunjukkan bahwa respons jumlah spesies terhadap aplikasi herbisida berlangsung secara temporal. Komposisi komunitas artropoda pada kedua perlakuan masih relatif mirip, meskipun terdapat perubahan proporsi dan dominansi beberapa spesies. Variasi komposisi komunitas artropoda berasosiasi dengan tutupan serasah daun dan paku-pakuan. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh aplikasi herbisida terhadap kekayaan spesies dan struktur komunitas artropoda secara bertahap seiring berjalannya waktu. Aplikasi herbisida memberikan pengaruh yang tidak langsung (indirect effect) akibat dari perubahan kondisi habitat yang berkaitan dengan menghilangnya vegetasi bawah (understory vegetation) yang kemudian mengubah struktur komunitas serangga. Perubahan komposisi yang ditemukan menunjukkan adanya perubahan proporsi dan dominansi beberapa spesies, sedangkan sebagian besar spesies masih ditemukan pada kedua perlakuan. Variasi komposisi komunitas artropoda lebih berkaitan dengan kondisi habitat, terutama karakteristik vegetasi bawah, dibandingkan dengan aplikasi herbisida. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pengelolaan vegetasi yang mempertahankan kompleksitas habitat dan keberadaan vegetasi bawah perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai bagian dari strategi pengelolaan perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berkelanjutan.
       
      Oil palm is a strategic plantation commodity in Indonesia that is widely cultivated, including by smallholder farmers. However, oil palm plantations are often associated with biodiversity loss due to large-scale monoulture cultivation. Herbicide application is one of the most common management practices used to control weeds in oil palm plantations. Nevertheless, herbicide application has the potential to affect non-target organisms that play important roles in maintaining ecosystem balance, particularly arthropods. This study aimed to analyze the effects of herbicide application on arthropod abundance, richness and community composition, as well as to analyze environmental factors associated with arthropod community diversity in smallholder oil palm plantations in Kampar Regency, Riau. The research was conducted in seven plots distributed across four villages from June to August 2023. Each plot was divided into a no-herbicide treatment and a herbicide treatment, each measuring approximately 50 m x 200 m. Arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps at three observation periods: before herbicide application, one week after application and six weeks after application. A total of 4470 arthropod individuals were collected, comprising 15 orders, 89 families, and 297 morphospecies. The results showed that observation period had a significant effect on arthropod abundance (p < 0.05), whereas herbicide application did not significantly affect arthropod abundance (p > 0.05). In contrast, species richness showed a significant interaction between observation period and herbicide treatment (p < 0.05), indicating that the response of species richness to herbicide application occurred progressively over time. Arthropod community composition under the two treatments remained relatively similar, although changes in the proportions and dominance of several species were observed. Variation in arthropod community composition was associated with leaf-litter cover and fern cover. Overall, this study showed that herbicide application affected arthropod species richness and community structure progressively over time. The effect of herbicide application were indirect, potentially resulting rom changes in habitat conditions associated with the reduction of understory vegetation, which subsequently altered arthropod community structure. The observed changes in community composition reflected shifts in the proportions and dominance of several species, while most species were still found under both treatments. Variation in arthropod community composition was more closely associated with habitat conditions, particularly understory vegetation characteristics, than with herbicide application. These findings emphasize that vegetation management practices that maintain habitat complexity and the presence of understory vegetation should be considered as part of sustainable oil palm plantation management strategies
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179528
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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