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      Seed Quality Testing of Shallot in Indonesia: A Case Study of Seed-Borne Viruses

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Skripsi
      Subtype
      Undergraduate Theses
      Author
      RAINY, LATIFAH DIKA
      Nurulita, Sari
      Hendrastuti, Elisabeth Sri
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      Abstract
      Shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) are an important horticultural commodity for driving economic growth in Indonesia. High public demand for shallots requires access to high-quality seed bulbs to ensure optimal productivity. However, viral infections, particularly those from the genera Potyvirus and Carlavirus, have been reported to significantly reduce the quality of production. This study aimed to identify and analyze seed quality parameters as an initial effort in determining seed quality of shallot. Shallot bulb samples were collected from major production areas in Indonesia, i.e., East Java, Central Java, and West Sumatra, consisting of five varieties, i.e., Batu Ijo, Bima, Rubaru, Tajuk, and Solok; and true shallot seed (TSS) samples consisting of two varieties, i.e., Sanren and Lokananta, which were obtained from PT East West Seed Indonesia. The parameters observed consisted of physical quality (color, diameter, and weight of the bulb), physiological quality (germination capacity and plant chlorophyll), and seed health status based on the incidence of viral infection. Virus detection was performed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific primers. The results showed variations in physical and physiological characters between shallot varieties. The Batu Ijo variety had the highest average bulb diameter and weight, at 31.0 mm and 13.1 g, while the Rubaru variety had the lowest, at 18.1 mm and 3.5 g. All shallot varieties and TSS showed high seed viability, with germination percentages above 85%. The Tajuk variety revealed the highest chlorophyll content, at 295.4 µg/mL. Specific RT-PCR revealed that OYDV, SLV, LYSV, and GCLV were detected in all tested shallot varieties, while SYSV was not detected. Among all the viruses detected, OYDV was the most dominant, being found in all tested varieties. This research provides a foundation regarding the importance of seed health as an indicator of shallot seed quality in supporting sustainable production.
       
      Bawang merah (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) merupakan komoditas hortikultura penting untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Tingginya permintaan masyarakat terhadap bawang merah, memerlukan ketersediaan benih bermutu untuk mendukung produktivitas yang optimal. Namun, infeksi virus khususnya dari kelompok Potyvirus dan Carlavirus dilaporkan berpotensi secara nyata mengurangi kualitas hasil produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis parameter mutu benih bawang merah sebagai upaya awal dalam menentukan penjaminan mutu benih. Sampel umbi bawang merah dikumpulkan dari pusat produksi utama di Indonesia, yaitu Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah, dan Sumatera Barat, terdiri atas 5 varietas, yaitu Batu Ijo, Bima, Rubaru, Tajuk, dan Solok, serta sampel true shallot seed (TSS) yang terdiri atas 2 varietas Sanren dan Lokananta yang diperoleh dari PT East West Seed Indonesia. Parameter yang diamati terdiri atas mutu fisik (warna, diameter, dan bobot umbi), mutu fisiologis (daya berkecambah dan kadar klorofil), dan status kesehatan benih berdasarkan insidensi infeksi virus. Deteksi virus dilakukan menggunakan metode reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) dengan primer spesifik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakter fisik dan fisiologis benih pada beberapa varietas bawang merah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan. Varietas Batu Ijo memiliki rata-rata diameter dan bobot umbi tertinggi, masing-masing sebesar 31,0 mm dan 13,1 g, sedangkan varietas Rubaru memiliki rata-rata diameter dan bobot umbi terendah, berturut-turut sebesar 18,1 mm dan 3,5 g. Seluruh varietas bawang merah dan TSS menunjukkan viabilitas benih yang tinggi dengan persentase perkecambahan di atas 85%. Varietas Tajuk menunjukkan kandungan klorofil tertinggi, sebesar 295,4 µg/mL. Hasil deteksi RT-PCR menunjukkan bahwa OYDV, SLV, GCLV, dan LYSV terdeteksi pada seluruh varietas bawang merah yang diuji, sedangkan SYSV tidak terdeteksi. Dari seluruh virus yang terdeteksi, OYDV merupakan virus yang paling dominan karena ditemukan pada seluruh varietas yang diuji. Penelitian ini memberikan landasan terkait pentingnya kesehatan benih sebagai salah satu indikator mutu benih bawang merah dalam mendukung produksi yang berkelanjutan.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179462
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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