Tingkat Stres, Frekuensi Olahraga, dan Kecukupan Zat Gizi Mikro, Hubungannya dengan Hipertensi pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di Poliklinik IPB

Abstract

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat dengan prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia. Berbagai faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi, seperti tingkat stres, frekuensi olahraga, serta kecukupan zat gizi mikro, diduga berperan dalam kejadian hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan tingkat stres, frekuensi olahraga, serta kecukupan natrium, kalium, kalsium, dan magnesium dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pasien rawat jalan di Poliklinik IPB. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan 92 subjek yang dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Data tingkat stres diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner DASS-42, frekuensi olahraga melalui wawancara, serta asupan natrium, kalium, dan kalsium menggunakan Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Analisis data meliputi analisis deskriptif, uji Chi-Square untuk analisis bivariat, dan regresi logistik biner untuk analisis multivariat. Sebagian besar subjek berjenis kelamin laki-laki (52,2%), berusia 18–39 tahun (58,7%), mengalami obesitas (39,1%), dan memiliki riwayat hipertensi dalam keluarga (65,2%). Hasil bivariat menunjukkan frekuensi olahraga (p=0,002), kecukupan kalium (p=0,002), dan kecukupan kalsium (p=0,002) berhubungan signifikan dengan hipertensi. Tingkat stres (p=0,607) dan kecukupan natrium (p=0,183) tidak berhubungan signifikan. Regresi logistik menunjukkan frekuensi olahraga sebagai faktor paling berpengaruh (OR=5,603; p=0,028). Subjek yang kurang aktif berolahraga berpeluang 5,6 kali lebih besar mengalami hipertensi.

Hypertension is one of the major public health problems with a high prevalence in Indonesia. Various modifiable risk factors, such as stress level, exercise frequency, and micronutrient adequacy levels, are thought to contribute to the occurrence of hypertension. This study aimed to analyze the associations of stress level, exercise frequency, and sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium intake with hypertension among outpatients at the IPB Polyclinic. This cross-sectional study involved 92 subjects selected using consecutive sampling. Stress level data were obtained using the DASS-42 questionnaire, exercise frequency through interviews, and sodium, potassium, and calcium intake using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data analysis included descriptive analysis, the Chi-Square test for bivariate analysis, and binary logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Most subjects were male (52.2%), aged 18–39 years (58.7%), obese (39.1%), and had a family history of hypertension (65.2%). Bivariate analysis showed that exercise frequency (p=0.002), potassium adequacy (p=0.002), and calcium adequacy (p=0.002) were significantly associated with hypertension. Stress level (p=0.607) and sodium adequacy (p=0.183) were not significantly associated with hypertension. Logistic regression showed that exercise frequency was the most influential factor (OR=5,603; p=0.028). Subjects who were less physically active had a 5.6-fold higher likelihood of having hypertension.