Arahan Pengembangan Wilayah Berbasis Komoditas Unggulan Pertanian, Sumber Daya Manusia, dan Sarana Prasarana di Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara

Abstract

Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara merupakan wilayah yang didominasi oleh sektor pertanian sebagai penggerak utama perekonomian masyarakat. Namun, kontribusi sektor pertanian terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) relatif stagnan dan mengalami perlambatan pertumbuhan pada tahun 2023 ke 2024 sehingga mengindikasikan bahwa potensi pertanian belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Pengembangan wilayah pertanian memerlukan pendekatan yang mempertimbangkan potensi sumber daya lokal, meliputi komoditas unggulan, kapasitas sumber daya manusia, serta ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi komoditas unggulan pertanian, (2) menganalisis kapasitas sumber daya manusia, (3) menganalisis ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana pertanian, serta (4) menyusun arahan pengembangan wilayah berbasis komoditas unggulan pertanian, kapasitas sumber daya manusia, dan sarana prasarana di Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara. Penelitian menggunakan kombinasi data sekunder dan primer. Data sekunder meliputi data produksi pertanian, Potensi Desa (Podes) diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik, serta data infrastruktur pertanian dari Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan wawancara terhadap penyuluh pertanian lapangan, petani, serta lima orang pakar. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode Location Quotient (LQ) dan Shift Share Analysis (SSA) untuk mengidentifikasi komoditas unggulan, analisis deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengukur kapasitas sumber daya manusia, analisis skalogram untuk menilai tingkat ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana pertanian, serta Cluster Analysis dan A'WOT (Analytical Hierarchy Process–Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) untuk menyusun arahan pengembangan wilayah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditas unggulan beragam yang terdiri dari subsektor pangan, hortikultura dan Perkebunan; Kapasitas sumber daya manusia berada di kategori sedang, dengan kapasitas penyuluh memiliki kapasitas yang lebih tinggi dibanding petani, dan hierarki sarana prasarana wilayah belum merata dan didominasi hierarki III (rendah). Analisis Cluster menghasilkan empat tipologi wilayah, sedangkan A’WOT digunakan untuk menajamkan strategi pengembangan berdasarkan prioritas faktor strategis. Integrasi kedua analisis menghasilkan arahan pengembangan yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik masing-masing tipologi. Arahan pengembangan wilayah yang dihasilkan mengembangkan sistem pendukung produksi pertanian, meningkatkan kapasitas sumber daya manusia dan memperkuat kelembagaan pertanian, memperkuat komoditas unggulan dan meningkatkan sistem pelayanan pendukung pertanian.

North Tapanuli Regency is a region where the agricultural sector plays a major role in the local economy. However, the agricultural sector’s contribution to Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) declined slightly from 45.16% in 2023 to 44.85% in 2024, indicating that the region’s agricultural potential has not yet been fully utilized. Regional agricultural development requires an approach that considers local resource potentials, including leading agricultural commodities, human resource capacity, and the availability of agricultural infrastructure. This study aimed to (1) identify leading agricultural commodities, (2) analyze human resource capacity, (3) assess the availability of agricultural infrastructure, and (4) formulate regional development directions based on leading agricultural commodities, human resource capacity, and agricultural infrastructure in North Tapanuli Regency. This research employed a combination of primary and secondary data. Secondary data included agricultural production statistics, Village Potential Statistics (PODES) from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), and agricultural infrastructure data from the North Tapanuli Regency Agricultural Office. Primary data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with agricultural extension workers, farmers, and five experts. Data were analyzed using the Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share Analysis (SSA) methods to identify leading agricultural commodities, quantitative descriptive analysis to assess human resource capacity, scalogram analysis to evaluate the availability of agricultural infrastructure, and Cluster Analysis and the Analytical Hierarchy Process–Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (A’WOT) method to formulate regional development directions. The results showed that North Tapanuli Regency had diverse leading agricultural commodities across the food crop, horticulture, and plantation subsectors. Human resource capacity was generally classified as moderate, with agricultural extension workers demonstrating higher capacity than farmers. Meanwhile, the distribution of agricultural infrastructure remained uneven, with most subdistricts classified as Hierarchy III, indicating a low level of infrastructure availability. Cluster analysis identified four regional typologies, while A’WOT was used to refine development strategies by considering the priorities of strategic factors and their relevance to the characteristics of each typology. The integration of the two analyses resulted in development directions tailored to the characteristics of each typology. The resulting regional development directions focus on strengthening agricultural production support systems; enhancing human resource capacity and agricultural institutions; strengthening leading commodities; and improving agricultural support services.