Deteksi dan Identifikasi Morfologi Nematoda Sista Kentang (Globodera spp.) di Pangalengan, Jawa Barat.

Abstract

Nematoda sista kentang (NSK), Globodera spp., merupakan fitonematoda penting pada tanaman kentang karena dapat menurunkan kuantitas dan kualitas umbi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi keberadaan Globodera spp. pada pertanaman kentang di Kecamatan Pangalengan, Jawa Barat, serta mengidentifikasi spesiesnya berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Sampel tanah, akar, dan umbi dikumpulkan secara purposive sampling dari tiga lokasi, yaitu Desa Sukamanah, Margamukti, dan Margamulya, dengan tiga rumpun tanaman pada setiap lokasi. Nematoda dari tanah diekstraksi menggunakan metode sentrifugasi, sedangkan nematoda dari akar dan umbi diekstraksi menggunakan mist chamber. Identifikasi morfologi dilakukan berdasarkan karakter sista, pola perineal, dan juvenil dua (J2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sista Globodera spp. ditemukan pada sampel tanah dan akar, tetapi tidak ditemukan pada umbi. Empat genus fitonematoda lain juga teridentifikasi, yaitu Helicotylenchus, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, dan Rotylenchus. Kesesuaian karakter morfologi sista, pola perineal, dan J2 yang diamati, spesimen Globodera asal Pangalengan teridentifikasi secara morfologi sebagai Globodera rostochiensis.

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera spp., are important plant-parasitic nematodes of potato because they can reduce both tuber yield and quality. This study aimed to detect the presence of Globodera spp. in potato fields in Pangalengan District, West Java, and to identify the species based on morphological characteristics. Soil, root, and tuber samples were collected using purposive sampling from three locations, namely Sukamanah, Margamukti, and Margamulya Villages, with three plant clumps sampled at each location. Nematodes from soil samples were extracted using the centrifugation method, whereas nematodes from root and tuber samples were extracted using the mist chamber method. Morphological identification was conducted based on cyst characteristics, perineal patterns, and second-stage juveniles (J2). The results showed that Globodera spp. cysts were found in soil and root samples but were not detected in tuber samples. Four other genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were also identified, namely Helicotylenchus, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, and Rotylenchus. Based on the conformity of the observed cyst morphology, perineal patterns, and J2 characteristics, the Globodera specimens from Pangalengan were morphologically identified as Globodera rostochiensis.