Struktur Populasi Kutu Ceroplastes sp. dan Hubungannya dengan Faktor Abiotik pada Jambu Biji di Tenjolaya, Kabupaten Bogor

Abstract

Ceroplastes sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) merupakan hama kutu lilin yang menyerang tanaman jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) dan dapat menurunkan kualitas serta hasil buah melalui aktivitas pengisapan cairan tanaman serta produksi embun madu yang menjadi media tumbuh bagi cendawan jelaga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur populasi Ceroplastes sp. serta hubungannya dengan faktor abiotik pada pertanaman jambu biji di Desa Gunung Malang, Kecamatan Tenjolaya, Kabupaten Bogor. Pengamatan dilakukan pada lima lahan selama delapan minggu berturut-turut. Data lingkungan diperoleh dari NASA POWER dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam, uji lanjut Tukey, dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi populasi Ceroplastes sp. didominasi oleh stadia imago, diikuti oleh instar III, instar II, dan instar I. Selain itu, populasi mengalami penurunan selama periode pengamatan. Kepadatan populasi berbeda nyata antar lahan, dengan populasi tertinggi ditemukan pada Lahan kelima dan terendah pada Lahan pertama, sedangkan kepadatan populasi berdasarkan arah mata angin tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa suhu (r = 0,355; p = 0,0247) memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan dengan populasi Ceroplastes sp., sedangkan kelembapan (r = -0,373; p = 0,0179) dan curah hujan (r = -0,344; p = 0,0299) memiliki hubungan negatif dan signifikan dengan populasi Ceroplastes sp.

Ceroplastes sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is a wax scale insect pest that attacks guava plants (Psidium guajava L.) and can reduce fruit quality and yield through sap-sucking activity and the production of honeydew, which serves as a growth medium for sooty mold. This study aimed to analyze the population structure of Ceroplastes sp. and its relationship with abiotic factors in guava plantations in Gunung Malang Village, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency. Observations were conducted in five fields for eight consecutive weeks. Environmental data were obtained from NASA POWER and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's multiple comparison test, and Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that the population composition of Ceroplastes sp. was dominated by the adult stage, followed by instar III, instar II, and instar I. In addition, the population declined throughout the observation period. Population density differed significantly among fields, with the highest population recorded in Field 5 and the lowest in Field 1, whereas population density based on cardinal directions did not show significant differences. Pearson correlation analysis showed that temperature (r = 0.355; p = 0.0247) had a positive and significant relationship with the population of Ceroplastes sp., whereas relative humidity (r = -0.373; p = 0.0179) and rainfall (r = -0.344; p = 0.0299) had negative and significant relationships with the population of Ceroplastes sp.