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      Studi In Vitro Aktivitas Antidiabetes dan Sitotoksisitas Sel 3T3-L1 Nanosimplisia Daun Surian (Toona sinensis)

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Putri, Kayla Rizky Amalia
      Falah, Syamsul
      Safithri, Mega
      Mardliyati, Etik
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      Abstract
      Daun surian (Toona sinensis) mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, fenolik, alkaloid, dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antidiabetes. Konversi simplisia menjadi nanosimplisia berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan dinding sel akibat proses reduksi partikel, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pelepasan senyawa bioaktif dan berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan bioaktivitas senyawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi aktivitas antidiabetes melalui uji penghambatan enzim a-glukosidase dan a-amilase, serta evaluasi sitotoksisitas pada sel 3T3-L1 nanosimplisia daun surian (Toona sinensis). Sampel yang digunakan meliputi ekstrak simplisia (ES), ekstrak nanosimplisia (EN), dan nanosimplisia (NS). Nanosimplisia disintesis secara topdown menggunakan ball milling, menghasilkan rata rata ukuran partikel 481 nm, polydispersity index (PI) 0,4616, dan zeta potential -28,34±5,625 mV. Kadar air pada simplisia dan nanosimplisia dianalisis menggunakan metode gravimetri. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%. Aktivitas antidiabetes dievaluasi melalui uji penghambatan a-glukosidase dengan metode hidrolisis p-NPG, dan a-amilase menggunakan metode pati-iodin. Kandungan senyawa kuersetin dan asam galat sebagai senyawa penciri, serta profil senyawa dianalisis menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Sementara itu, sitotoksisitas dievaluasi terhadap sel 3T3-L1 menggunakan metode MTT. Seluruh data dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik untuk menentukan perbedaan nyata antarperlakuan. Kadar air pada nanosimplisia meningkat menjadi 7,470%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan simplisia (2,369%). Proses ekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70% menghasilkan peningkatan rendemen ekstrak pada nanosimplisia, hingga mencapai 53,286%. Hasil uji penghambatan a-glukosidase menunjukkan bahwa ES memiliki aktivitas paling kuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 28,301±2,23 µg/ml, diikuti oleh EN dan NS. Uji penghambatan a-amilase menunjukkan hasil aktivitas serupa antara ES dan NS, dengan nilai IC50 berturut-turut sebesar 1694,136±8,97 µg/ml dan 1742,969±6,66 µg/ml. Analisis HPLC mengonfirmasi keberadaan kuersetin dan asam galat pada seluruh sampel. Nanosimplisia yang disintesis menggunakan ball milling menurunkan kadar kedua senyawa tersebut, tetapi meningkatkan jumlah puncak baru yang terdeteksi. Pengujian sitotoksisitas menunjukkan bahwa EN mempertahankan viabilitas sel di atas 100%, sedangkan NS menunjukkan sitotoksisitas lebih rendah dibandingkan ES. Sebaliknya, ES menunjukkan efek sitotoksik pada konsentrasi 25 µg/ml dan lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nanosimplisia menurunkan aktivitas antidiabetes, tetapi memiliki sitotoksisitas yang lebih aman, sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai kandidat antidiabetes oral berbasis nanopartikulasi bahan alam. Toona sinensis leaves contain various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, and tannins, with potential antidiabetic properties. The conversion of leaf simplicia into nanosimplicia may disrupt plant cell walls during particle size reduction, thereby enhancing the release of bioactive compounds and potentially improving their biological activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of T. sinensis nanosimplicia through a-glucosidase and a-amylase inhibition assays, as well as to assess its cytotoxicity against 3T3-L1 cells. The samples consisted of simplicia extract (ES), nanosimplicia extract (EN), and nanosimplicia (NS). The nanosimplicia was prepared using a top-down ball-milling method, resulting in an average particle size of 481 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.4616, and a zeta potential of -28.34±5.625 mV. Moisture content of the simplicia and nanosimplicia was determined using the gravimetric method, while extraction was performed by maceration with 70% ethanol. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated using a-glucosidase inhibition based on p-NPG hydrolysis and a-amylase inhibition using the starch–iodine method. Quercetin and gallic acid, selected as marker compounds, together with the phytochemical profile, were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Cytotoxicity was assessed against 3T3-L1 cells using the MTT assay, and all data were analyzed statistically to determine significant differences among treatments. The moisture content of the nanosimplicia increased to 7,470%, compared with 2,369% in the simplicia. Extraction with 70% ethanol resulted in a higher extract yield for the nanosimplicia, reaching 53,286%. The a-glucosidase inhibition assay showed that ES exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 28,301±2,23 µg/ml, followed by EN and NS. The a-amylase inhibition assay revealed comparable inhibitory activities between ES and NS, with IC50 values of 1694,136±8,97 µg/ml and 1742,969±6,66 µg/ml, respectively. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin and gallic acid in all samples. Ball milling nanosimplicia preparation reduced the levels of both marker compounds but increased the number of newly detected chromatographic peaks. Cytotoxicity evaluation demonstrated that EN maintained cell viability above 100%, whereas NS exhibited lower cytotoxicity than ES. In contrast, ES showed cytotoxic effects at concentrations of 25 µg/ml and above. Overall, nanosimplicia preparation reduced the antidiabetic activity of T. sinensis but resulted in a safer cytotoxicity profile, suggesting its potential for further development as an oral antidiabetic candidate based on natural-product nanoparticulation.
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179386
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