Hasil dan Kualitas Edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) dengan Kombinasi Pemberian Pupuk Kandang Kambing dan Pupuk Hayati

Abstract

Kedelai sayur (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) dikenal juga sebagai edamame merupakan tanaman sayuran yang banyak dikonsumsi di Asia dan semakin populer di Amerika Serikat. Penggunaan pupuk kandang ayam yang banyak digunakan dalam pertanian organik menimbulkan dugaan bahwa kadar kalium dalam tanaman cenderung berada di bawah kecukupan kadar hara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan budidaya edamame, sehingga pada penelitian ini menggunakan sumber kalium organik tambahan berupa pupuk kandang kambing. Penggunaan pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk kandang kambing masih membutuhkan dosis yang cukup besar, sehingga dilakukan kombinasi pemupukan pupuk kandang ayam, pupuk kandang kambing, dan penambahan pupuk hayati untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan serta ketersediaan hara bagi tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh dosis optimum pupuk kandang kambing, efektivitas pupuk hayati, serta interaksinya terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan, hasil, dan kualitas edamame. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cikarawang Blok A, Dramaga, Bogor dari bulan Oktober 2025 hingga Januari 2026. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama berupa dosis pupuk kandang kambing (0, 3, 6, dan 9 ton ha-1) dan faktor kedua berupa pemberian pupuk hayati (0 dan 10 g L-1). Pupuk kandang ayam (20 ton ha-1) diberikan sebagai pupuk dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang kambing memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan luas daun 3 MST, indeks luas daun 3 MST, panjang akar, jumlah akar lateral, bintil akar aktif, jumlah rambut akar, bobot basah batang dan daun tanaman saat 5 MST, bobot kering akar dan batang tanaman saat 5 MST, serapan hara N, bobot basah 20 polong, bobot basah biji 20 polong, dan bobot basah 100 biji. Interaksi perlakuan pupuk kandang kambing dan pupuk hayati signifikan terhadap jumlah daun pada 5 MST dan bintil akar aktif. Dosis optimum dugaan untuk meningkatkan hasil polong yaitu 6,74 ton ha?¹ pupuk kandang kambing sebagai tambahan terhadap 20 ton ha-1 pupuk kandang ayam. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang kambing dan pupuk hayati serta interaksi keduanya tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kualitas edamame berupa kadar gula total dan kadar protein.

Vegetable soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), also known as edamame, is a widely consumed vegetable crop in Asia and is becoming increasingly popular in the United States. The use of chicken manure, commonly applied in organic farming, raises concerns that plant potassium levels are often below sufficient levels to meet edamame cultivation needs. Therefore, this study used an additional organic potassium source, goat manure. The use of both chicken and goat manure still requires relatively large doses, so a combination of chicken and goat manure, with the addition of biofertilizer, was applied to improve fertilization efficiency and nutrient availability for the plants. This study aimed to determine the optimal dose of goat manure, the effectiveness of the biofertilizer, and their interaction in improving the growth, yield, and quality of edamame. The experiment was conducted at the Cikarawang Experimental Farm Block A, Dramaga, Bogor, from October 2025 to January 2026. The study used a factorial randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the dose of goat manure (0, 3, 6, and 9 tons ha-1), and the second factor was the application of biofertilizer (0 and 10 g L-1). Chicken manure (20 tons ha-1) was applied as a basal fertilizer. The results showed that the application of goat manure had a significant effect on increasing leaf area at 3 weeks after planting (WAP), leaf area index at 3 WAP, root length, number of lateral roots, active root nodules, number of root hairs, fresh weight of stems and leaves at 5 WAP, dry weight of roots and stems at 5 WAP, nitrogen uptake, fresh weight of 20 pods, fresh seed weight of 20 pods, and fresh weight of 100 seeds. The interaction between goat manure and biofertilizer treatments was significant for the number of leaves at 5 WAP and active root nodules. The estimated optimum dose to increase pod yield was 6,74 tons ha?¹ of goat manure in addition to 20 tons ha ¹ of chicken manure. This study showed that the application of goat manure and biofertilizer, as well as their interaction, did not significantly affect edamame quality in terms of total sugar and protein content.