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      Variabel Penentu Fluks CO2 pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Lahan Gambut

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Skripsi
      Subtype
      Undergraduate Theses
      Author
      Ghany, Mochammad
      Oktariani, Putri
      Suwardi
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      Abstract
      Lahan gambut tropis memiliki peran krusial sebagai penyimpan karbon global. Namun, pemanfaatan ekosistem ini menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit memodifikasi keseimbangan dinamika karbon yang memicu variasi laju fluks CO2 secara spasial. Studi-studi terdahulu melaporkan besarnya rentang fluks CO2 dan laju pelepasan karbon di lahan gambut sangat dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik lingkungan mikro, dinamika kondisi hidrologi, serta umur tegakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan fluks CO2 pada plot gawangan mati, piringan, dan kontrol, sekaligus mengidentifikasi peran tinggi muka air tanah, suhu tanah, beserta interaksinya dengan umur tegakan kelapa sawit terhadap fluks CO2. Pengukuran dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2025 di Desa Mertasari, Kecamatan Pedongga, Kabupaten Pasangkayu, Sulawesi Barat. Fluks CO2 diukur di dua blok berbeda dengan usia tanam berbeda (10 dan 20 tahun), yakni Blok OL02 dan Blok OC08. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada plot kontrol, gawangan mati, dan piringan, menggunakan metode sungkup tertutup (closed chamber) dengan instrumen Infrared Gas Analyzer (IRGA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara secara keseluruhan, fluks CO2 tertinggi ditemukan pada plot gawangan mati sebesar 42,58 ± 16,29 ton CO2/ha/tahun, sedangkan nilai terendah terdapat pada plot piringan sebesar 33,82 ± 18,46 ton CO2/ha/tahun. Pola fluks tertinggi pada gawangan mati juga konsisten pada kedua kelompok umur tegakan, yaitu 46,07 ± 14,49 ton CO2/ha/tahun pada tegakan dewasa dan 38,08 ± 17,69 ton CO2/ha/tahun pada tegakan muda. Sementara itu, fluks terendah terdapat pada plot kontrol pada tegakan dewasa sebesar 37,47 ± 25,23 ton CO2/ha/tahun dan pada plot piringan pada tegakan muda sebesar 19,53 ± 5,39 ton CO2/ha/tahun. Umur tegakan kelapa sawit merupakan faktor utama yang memengaruhi variasi fluks CO2. Tinggi muka air tanah menunjukkan kecenderungan berhubungan dengan fluks CO2 terutama pada plot kontrol, sedangkan pengaruh suhu tanah harian relatif kecil.
       
      Tropical peatlands play a crucial role as a global carbon sink. However, the conversion of this ecosystem into oil palm plantations modifies the balance of carbon dynamics, triggering spatial variations in CO2 flux rates. The reported variations in CO2 flux indicate that the carbon release rate strongly depends on plot characteristics, hydrological conditions, and stand age. This study aimed to compare the CO2 flux across the dead frond rows, weeding circle, and control plots, as well as to identify the role of groundwater level, soil temperature, and their interaction with oil palm stand age on CO2 fluxes. Measurements were conducted from March to May 2025 in Mertasari Village, Pedongga Subdistrict, Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi. CO2 fluxes were measured in two different blocks with different planting ages (10 and 20 years), namely Block OL02 and Block OC08. Data collection was carried out in the control, frond pile, and palm circle plots using the closed chamber method integrated with an Infrared Gas Analyzer (IRGA) instrument. The results showed that, overall, the highest CO2 flux was observed in the dead frond row plots (42.58 ± 16.29 tones CO2/ha/year), while the lowest value was found in the weeding circle plots (33.82 ± 18.46 tones CO2/ha/year). The pattern of highest flux in the dead frond rows remained consistent across both stand age groups: 46.07 ± 14.49 tones CO2/ha/year for mature stands and 38.08 ± 17.69 tones CO2/ha/year for young stands. Meanwhile, the lowest fluxes were recorded in the control plots for mature stands (37.47 ± 25.23 tones CO2/ha/year) and in the weeding circle plots for young stands (19.53 ± 5.39 tonnes CO2/ha/year). Oil palm stand age is the primary factor influencing CO2 flux variation. Groundwater level showed a tendency to correlate with CO2 flux, particularly in the control plots, whereas the influence of daily soil temperature was relatively minor.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179256
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      • UF - Soil Science and Land Resources [2892]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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