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      Model Kebijakan Ekowisata Karst Di Kabupaten Maybrat Provinsi Papua Barat Daya

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Tahoba, Afia Eksemina Phascalina
      Arifin, Hadi Susilo
      Mardiana, Rina
      Mulatsih, Sri
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      Abstract
      Kabupaten Maybrat Provinsi Papua Barat Daya memiliki bentang alam karst tropis terluas di Kepala Burung Papua, sehingga memberikan peluang bagi pegembangan ekowisata karst darat. Posisi Kabupaten Maybrat yang berada satu provinsi dengan Kabupaten Raja Ampat sebagai destinasi wisata kelas dunia juga memberikan peluang integrasi kebijakan ekowisata karst darat dan laut. Di sisi lain, tingginya kemiskinan dan rendahnya Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) menjadikan ekowisata karst sebagai alternatif pembangunan yang berpotensi meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat tanpa mengorbankan kelestarian lingkungan dan budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kondisi eksisting ekowisata Kabupaten Maybrat, menganalisis potensi ekowisata karst berbasis geodiversitas, biodiversitas dan etnodiversitas kawasan karst, memetakan kebijakan ekowisata karst pada level makro, meso, dan mikro, serta merancang model kebijakan ekowisata karst di Kabupaten Maybrat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui interpretasi citra resolusi tinggi, pemetaan partisipatif, observasi lapangan, diskusi kelompok terarah (FGD), studi literatur, dan kuesioner pakar. Analisis data menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (GIS), analisis spasial, dan Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Maybrat memiliki potensi wisata alam, air, budaya, dan ilmiah yang tinggi, tetapi pengembangannya masih memerlukan penguatan aksesibilitas, amenitas, sarana-prasarana, regulasi khusus, dan tata kelola ekowisata karst yang terintegrasi. Kawasan Karst Maybrat memiliki nilai konservasi nasional dan global karena menyatukan aspek geodiversitas, biodiversitas, dan etnodiversitas dalam satu kawasan karst, namun kebijakan formal yang belum berbasis tata ekologis, hidrologis, dan ruang adat berpotensi menimbulkan konflik ruang serta mengancam keberlanjutan kawasan. Integrasi zonasi bentang alam karst dan zonasi budaya menghasilkan model zonasi ruang ekowisata karst yang dirancang untuk menjawab permasalahan, kendala, dan ancaman pengembangan ekowisata di Kabupaten Maybrat melalui perlindungan kawasan, pengendalian pemanfaatan, penetapan arah pengembangan sesuai sensitivitas ruang, serta penyelesaian konflik ruang dan kepentingan sektoral. Selanjutnya, integrasi GIS dan ISM menghasilkan model intervensi kebijakan prioritas berbasis tata kelola multilevel yang menempatkan masyarakat adat sebagai aktor inti penyedia substansi kebijakan, pemerintah daerah sebagai penghubung dan regulator, serta pemerintah pusat sebagai penyedia legitimasi, standar, dan dukungan kebijakan dan pendanaan untuk mewujudkan ekowisata karst berkelanjutan
       
      Maybrat Regency, Southwest Papua Province, contains an extensive tropical karst landscape in the Bird’s Head region of Papua, offering opportunities for terrestrial karst ecotourism. Its location within the same province as Raja Ampat, a world-class destination, also enables integration of terrestrial and marine karst ecotourism policies. Meanwhile, high poverty and low Regional Own-Source Revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah—PAD) make karst ecotourism a potential development pathway for improving community welfare without compromising environmental and cultural sustainability. This study aimed to analyze existing ecotourism conditions in Maybrat Regency; assess karst ecotourism potential based on geodiversity, biodiversity, and ethnodiversity; map policies at the macro, meso, and micro levels; and develop a karst ecotourism policy model. Data were collected through high-resolution imagery interpretation, participatory mapping, field observations, focus group discussions, literature reviews, and expert questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), spatial analysis, and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The results demonstrate that Maybrat Regency possesses substantial natural, aquatic, cultural, and scientific tourism potential. However, its development requires improvements in accessibility, amenities, infrastructure, specific regulations, and integrated governance. The Maybrat Karst Landscape has national and global conservation significance because it integrates geodiversity, biodiversity, and ethnodiversity within a complex karst system. Nevertheless, formal policies that do not incorporate ecological, hydrological, and customary spatial considerations may generate spatial conflicts and threaten karst sustainability. Integrating karst landscape zoning and customary cultural zoning produced a spatial ecotourism model to address development problems, constraints, and threats. The model supports landscape protection, controlled utilization, spatially sensitive development, and resolution of spatial and sectoral conflicts. Furthermore, integrating GIS and ISM produced a priority policy intervention model based on multilevel governance. The model positions Indigenous communities as core actors and sources of policy substance, local governments as operational intermediaries and regulators, and the central government as provider of legal legitimacy, management standards, and policy support for sustainable karst ecotourism.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179255
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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