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      Optimalisasi Model Kawasan Konservasi Perairan dengan Didukung Implementasi Pendanaan Inovatif untuk Pengelolaan yang Berkelanjutan

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Fadillah, Roby
      Yonvitner
      Adrianto, Luky
      Effendi, Hefni
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      Abstract
      ROBY FADILLAH. Optimalisasi Tata Kelola Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Dengan Didukung Implementasi Pendanaan Inovatif Untuk Pengelolaan Yang Berkelanjutan. Dibimbing oleh YONVITNER, LUKI ADRIANTO dan HEFNI EFFENDI. Kawasan konservasi perairan memiliki peran strategis dalam menjaga keanekaragaman hayati laut, keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan, kesehatan ekosistem pesisir, dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Namun, pengelolaannya di Indonesia masih menghadapi tantangan berupa variasi kapasitas tata kelola, keterbatasan pembiayaan, ketergantungan pada anggaran pemerintah, serta belum optimalnya hubungan antara pendanaan, kinerja pengelolaan, dan capaian ekologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan model optimalisasi tata kelola kawasan konservasi perairan melalui integrasi pengelolaan berbasis klaster dan strategi pendanaan inovatif yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif bertahap dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder dari penilaian efektivitas pengelolaan kawasan konservasi, data realisasi anggaran, data tutupan terumbu karang, serta dokumen kebijakan pendanaan biru. Analisis dilakukan melalui pemetaan klaster pengelolaan, analisis kesenjangan pendanaan, analisis korelasi dan regresi data panel, analisis perbandingan instrumen obligasi biru, serta proyeksi kapasitas serap potensial untuk menilai kesiapan kawasan menerima pendanaan inovatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan di Indonesia belum merata. Dari 117 kawasan yang dianalisis, sebagian besar masih berada pada kategori minimum dan optimum, sedangkan hanya sebagian kecil yang telah mencapai kategori berkelanjutan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa peningkatan kapasitas awal, penyeragaman proses pengelolaan, kualitas keluaran program, dan pencapaian hasil ekologis merupakan faktor penting dalam peningkatan kinerja kawasan. Analisis kesenjangan pendanaan menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan anggaran dapat memperbaiki kinerja tata kelola, tetapi belum selalu berdampak langsung pada pemulihan ekosistem, terutama tutupan terumbu karang. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa efektivitas konservasi tidak hanya ditentukan oleh besaran dana, melainkan juga oleh kualitas alokasi, transparansi, akuntabilitas, kapasitas kelembagaan, dan keterlibatan masyarakat. Analisis korelasi memperkuat bahwa pendanaan merupakan faktor pengungkit utama dalam pengelolaan kawasan konservasi, terutama pada komponen proses dan keluaran seperti pengawasan, pemantauan, dan pelaksanaan program. Sementara itu, analisis kapasitas serap potensial menunjukkan bahwa Gili Matra, Laut Sawu, Raja Ampat, dan Kapoposang memiliki kesiapan tinggi sebagai lokasi percontohan pendanaan inovatif berbasis obligasi terumbu karang. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi analisis klaster tata kelola, kesenjangan pendanaan, korelasi pembiayaan, perbandingan obligasi biru, dan kapasitas serap potensial dalam satu kerangka kebijakan. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa optimalisasi tata kelola kawasan konservasi perairan memerlukan arsitektur pendanaan campuran yang terdiferensiasi, berbasis kinerja, transparan, akuntabel, dan sesuai kapasitas kawasan. Secara akademik, penelitian ini memperkaya kajian tata kelola konservasi perairan dan pendanaan konservasi. Secara praktis, hasilnya menyediakan dasar kebijakan bagi pemerintah dalam menentukan prioritas investasi, desain pendanaan biru, dan strategi pengelolaan konservasi laut berkelanjutan di Indonesia.
       
      ROBY FADILLAH. Optimizing the Marine Protected Area Governance Supported by the Implementation of Innovative Funding for Sustainable Management. Supervised by YONVITNER, LUKI ADRIANTO and HEFNI EFFENDI. Marine protected areas play a strategic role in conserving marine biodiversity, sustaining fishery resources, maintaining coastal ecosystem health, and supporting the welfare of coastal communities. However, the management of marine protected areas in Indonesia continues to face major challenges, including unequal governance capacity, limited financial resources, high dependence on public budgets, and the absence of an integrated model that links financing mechanisms, management effectiveness, and ecological outcomes. This study aims to formulate an optimization model for marine protected area governance by integrating cluster-based management approaches with sustainable innovative financing strategies. This research applied a staged quantitative approach using secondary data derived from marine protected area management effectiveness assessments, budget realization data, coral reef cover data, and blue finance policy documents. The analysis included governance clustering, funding gap analysis, correlation and panel data regression, comparative analysis of blue bond instruments, and projection of potential absorption capacity to assess the readiness of selected areas to receive innovative financing. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of marine protected area management in Indonesia remains uneven. Among the assessed areas, most were still categorized within minimum and optimum management levels, while only a small proportion had achieved sustainable management status. This condition highlights the need to strengthen basic management capacity, improve governance processes, enhance program outputs, and ensure measurable ecological outcomes. The funding gap analysis shows that increased financial allocation can improve governance performance, yet it does not always generate a direct impact on ecosystem recovery, particularly coral reef cover. This finding suggests that conservation effectiveness is not solely determined by the amount of funding, but also by the quality of allocation, transparency, accountability, institutional capacity, and community participation. The correlation analysis further confirms that financing functions as a key enabling factor in marine protected area governance, especially in supporting management processes and outputs such as surveillance, monitoring, enforcement, and program implementation. In addition, the potential absorption capacity analysis identifies Gili Matra, Sawu Sea, Raja Ampat, and Kapoposang as areas with strong readiness to serve as pilot sites for innovative financing through coral reef-based bond mechanisms. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of governance clustering, funding gap assessment, financing correlation analysis, blue bond benchmarking, and potential absorption capacity within a single policy-oriented framework. The study concludes that optimizing marine protected area governance requires a differentiated, performance-based, transparent, accountable, and context-specific blended financing architecture. Academically, this research contributes to the development of marine protected area governance and conservation finance literature. Practically, it provides a policy foundation for government decision-making in prioritizing investment, designing blue finance instruments, and strengthening sustainable marine conservation management in Indonesia.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179252
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