Identifikasi Nematoda pada Rimpang Jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) di Bogor

Abstract

Jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) merupakan tumbuhan herba setahun dari famili Zingiberaceae yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional, bumbu masakan, dan bahan minuman herbal. Nematoda parasit tanaman (fitonematoda) merupakan salah satu patogen utama jahe karena dapat menurunkan kuantitas dan kualitas rimpang. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi nematoda parasit tanaman pada rimpang jahe di Bogor berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan morfometrik nematoda. Sampel rimpang jahe diambil secara purposif dari empat pasar tradisional dan tiga swalayan di Bogor. Ekstraksi nematoda dilakukan dengan metode pengabutan. Populasi nematoda dihitung, difiksasi, dibuat preparat dan diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan morfometrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberadaan lima genus nematoda parasit, yaitu Aphelenchoides, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, dan Rotylenchulus. Selain itu, diidentifikasi empat genus nematoda nonparasit, yaitu Dorylaimus, Plectus, Tripyla, dan Xylorhabditis. Nematoda puru akar (Meloidogyne) merupakan genus yang paling banyak, dengan populasi tertinggi mencapai 220 individu per 10 g rimpang. Keberadaan beberapa genus nematoda parasit pada rimpang jahe yang diperdagangkan menunjukkan bahwa rimpang berpotensi menjadi media pembawa nematoda. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam mitigasi dan merancang pengelolaan nematoda pada pertanaman jahe.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Zingiberaceae family that is widely used as a traditional medicine, cooking spice, and ingredient in herbal beverages. Plant parasitic nematodes (phytonematodes) are one of the major pathogens affecting ginger, as they can reduce both the quantity and quality of the rhizomes. This study was aimed to identify plant parasitic nematodes associated with ginger rhizomes in Bogor based on morphological and morphometric characteristics. Ginger rhizome samples were purposively collected from four traditional markets and three supermarkets in Bogor. Nematode extraction was performed using the mist chamber method. Nematode populations were counted, fixed, prepared, and identified morphologically and morphometrically. The results showed the presence of five genera of phytonematodes namely Aphelenchoides, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, and Rotylenchulus. In addition, four genera of nonparasitic nematodes were identified including Dorylaimus, Plectus, Tripyla, and Xylorhabditis. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne) was the most abundant genus, with the highest population reaching 220 individuals per 10 g of rhizome. The presence of several parasitic nematode genera in commercially traded ginger rhizomes indicates that the rhizomes have the potential to serve as a carrier for nematodes. The study results are expected to serve as a basis for nematode mitigation and management strategies in ginger cultivation.