Analisis Keterkaitan Perubahan Tutupan Lahan dengan Suhu Permukaan serta Fenomena Urban Heat Island di Kabupaten Cianjur

Abstract

Perubahan tutupan lahan di Kabupaten Cianjur akibat pembangunan dan pertumbuhan penduduk berpotensi meningkatkan suhu permukaan serta memicu fenomena Urban Heat Island (UHI). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterkaitan antara perubahan tutupan lahan dengan suhu permukaan serta fenomena UHI selama periode 1994 - 2025. Klasifikasi tutupan lahan menggunakan algoritma Random Forest, suhu permukaan dihitung dari kanal termal Landsat, sedangkan UHI dihitung menggunakan indeks UHI dan Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perubahan tutupan lahan berkaitan dengan suhu permukaan, ditandai dengan konversi lahan bervegetasi menjadi permukiman menghasilkan peningkatan suhu permukaan tertinggi sebesar ± 5°C. Distribusi UHI menunjukkan pergeseran semakin terkonsentrasi pada wilayah Cianjur Utara dan koridor Cipanas - Puncak, dengan peningkatan tekanan termal pada wilayah terbangun. Perubahan tutupan lahan berperan dalam meningkatkan suhu permukaan dan intensitas UHI di Kabupaten Cianjur.

Land cover changes in Cianjur Regency resulting from development and population growth have the potential to increase land surface temperature and trigger the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between land cover changes, land surface temperature, and the UHI phenomenon during the period 1994–2025. Land cover classification was performed using the Random Forest algorithm, land surface temperature was derived from the thermal bands of Landsat imagery, while UHI was assessed using the UHI index and Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI). The results showed that land cover changes were associated with land surface temperature, as indicated by the conversion of vegetated land into settlements, which resulted in the highest increase in land surface temperature of approximately 5°C. The spatial distribution of UHI showed a shift toward greater concentration in northern Cianjur and along the Cipanas–Puncak corridor, indicating increased thermal pressure in built-up areas. Land cover changes contribute to increasing land surface temperature and UHI intensity in Cianjur Regency.