Evaluasi Produktivitas Lahan Budidaya Bawang Daun pada Dataran Tinggi di Tiga Desa, Jawa Tengah

Abstract

Keragaman kondisi lingkungan dan praktik budidaya diduga menjadi penentu produktivitas lahan budidaya bawang daun (Allium fistulosum L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi produktivitas berdasarkan kondisi agroklimat meliputi suhu udara, kelembaban, dan curah hujan; sifat kimia tanah meliputi pH H2O, pH NaF, dan C-organik; dan teknik budidaya yang diterapkan pada lahan tanam bawang daun dataran tinggi di desa Dieng (2065 mdpl), Sutopati (1267 mdpl), dan Genikan (1815 mdpl) di Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan melalui survei lapang, wawancara petani, pengambilan sampel tanah pada kedalaman 0-20 cm dan 20-40 cm, dan analisis laboratorium untuk menentukan pH H2O, pH NaF, dan karbon organik (C-organik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan Dieng memiliki suhu (24,7 °C) dan kelembaban (84%) yang sesuai bagi pertumbuhan bawang daun, kadar C-organik tertinggi (7,42%), dan pH optimal (6,6), serta produktivitas dan efisiensi usahatani tertinggi (25,26 ton/ha; R/C = 2,2). Hal ini didukung oleh pengelolaan budidaya intensif pada lahan yang kecil dan penerapan sistem rotasi tanam kentang-bawang daun. Lahan Sutopati dan Genikan memiliki suhu 26,44 °C dan kelembaban 81% yang menunjukkan kondisi iklim lebih kering dari Dieng. Lahan Sutopati memiliki kadar C-organik 3,25% dan pH 6,5 dengan produktivitas sebesar 10,70 ton/ha dan R/C = 1,4 dan diiterapkan jarak tanam paling rapat serta frekuensi pembumbunan yang lebih banyak. Lahan Genikan memiliki kadar C-organik 3,15% dan pH 6,4 dengan produktivitas dan efektivitas usahatani terendah (3,19 ton/ha; R/C = 0,7). Kondisi lahan Genikan yang baru dibuka serta kurang intensifnya perhatian dan perawatan melalui aspek sukarela masyarakat menyebabkan rendahnya produktivitas lahan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas lahan budidaya bawang daun di tiga desa tidak hanya dipengaruhi dan ditentukan oleh sifat kimia tanah dan kondisi agroklimat, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh teknik budidaya.

The diversity of environmental conditions and cultivation practices is believed to determine the productivity of scallion (Allium fistulosum L.) cultivation plots. This study aims to evaluate productivity based on agroclimatic conditions, including air temperature, humidity, and rainfall; soil chemical properties, including pH H2O, pH NaF, and organic carbon; and cultivation techniques applied to highland scallion fields in the villages of Dieng (2065 masl), Sutopati (1267 masl) and Genikan (1815 masl) in Central Java Central Java. The study was conducted through field surveys, farmer interviews, soil sampling at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm, and laboratory analysis to determine pH H2O, pH NaF, and organic carbon (organic C). The results showed that the land in Dieng have temperatures (24.7 °C) and humidity (84%) suitable for the growth of scallion, the highest organic carbon content (7.42%), and optimal pH (6.6), as well as the highest productivity and farming efficiency (25.26 tons/ha; R/C = 2.2). This was supported by intensive cultivation management on small plots and the implementation of a potato-scallion crop rotation system. The Sutopati and Genikan plots had a temperature of 26.44 °C and humidity of 81%, indicating drier climatic conditions than in Dieng. The Sutopati and Genikan plots had a temperature of 26.44 °C and humidity of 81%, indicating drier climatic conditions than those in Dieng. The Sutopati plot had an organic carbon content of 3.25% and a pH of 6.5, with a productivity of 10.70 tons/ha and an R/C ratio of 1.4, and the densest planting spacing and a higher frequency of hilling were applied. The Genikan plot has an organic carbon content of 3.15% and a pH of 6.4, with the lowest productivity and farming efficiency (3.19 tons/ha; R/C = 0,7). The fact that the Genikan land was newly cleared, combined with a lack of intensive attention and care which relies on community volunteers led to low land productivity. These results indicate that the productivity of scallion cultivation in the three villages is not only influenced and determined by soil chemistry and agroclimatic conditions but is also influenced by cultivation techniques.