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      Efektivitas Transmisi Moneter Ganda dalam Mendorong Pembiayaan UMKM di Indonesia dan Malaysia

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Nuraeni
      Pasaribu, Syamsul Hidayat
      Irfany, Mohammad Iqbal
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      Abstract
      UMKM memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia dan Malaysia, tetapi masih menghadapi keterbatasan akses pembiayaan. Dalam sistem dual banking, kebijakan moneter ditransmisikan melalui kanal kredit konvensional dan pembiayaan syariah. Perbedaan karakteristik sistem keuangan dan perkembangan perbankan syariah di kedua negara diduga memengaruhi efektivitas transmisi moneter terhadap pembiayaan UMKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mekanisme transmisi moneter melalui kedua kanal, mengidentifikasi kontribusi variabel moneter dan makroekonomi, serta membandingkan efektivitasnya di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Penelitian menggunakan data triwulanan Indonesia dan Malaysia periode 2014Q2–2025Q4 dengan pendekatan Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) yang dilengkapi uji kausalitas Granger, Impulse Response Function (IRF), dan Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD). Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi policy rate, M2, kredit konvensional, pembiayaan syariah, investasi, dan GDP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme transmisi moneter di Indonesia masih didominasi oleh kanal kredit konvensional dengan respons yang lebih stabil terhadap guncangan kebijakan moneter dan variabel makroekonomi. Sebaliknya, Malaysia menunjukkan transmisi yang lebih seimbang antara kanal konvensional dan syariah, dengan kanal syariah memiliki keterkaitan yang lebih kuat dengan sektor riil. Kontribusi instrumen kebijakan moneter, jumlah uang beredar, dan variabel makroekonomi terhadap variasi pembiayaan UMKM juga berbeda di kedua negara. Hasil FEVD menunjukkan bahwa investasi menjadi faktor yang paling besar menjelaskan variasi pembiayaan UMKM di Indonesia. Sedangkan di Malaysia, kontribusi kedua kanal relatif lebih seimbang, mencerminkan integrasi sistem perbankan ganda yang lebih kuat. Perbandingan efektivitas menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia lebih efektif melalui kanal kredit konvensional dari sisi stabilitas respons berdasarkan hasil IRF, sedangkan kanal pembiayaan syariah lebih sensitif terhadap guncangan moneter berdasarkan hasil FEVD. Sebaliknya, Malaysia memperlihatkan efektivitas yang lebih seimbang dengan kedua kanal yang berfungsi secara komplementer. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa IRF dan FEVD merepresentasikan dua dimensi efektivitas yang saling melengkapi. Implikasinya, Indonesia perlu memperkuat peran pembiayaan syariah melalui pendalaman pasar uang syariah, optimalisasi instrumen moneter syariah, penguatan koordinasi antarpemangku kepentingan, dan peningkatan intermediasi bank syariah bagi UMKM. Sementara itu, Malaysia perlu mempertahankan integrasi kanal konvensional dan syariah untuk mendukung pembiayaan UMKM yang lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan.
       
      Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in the economies of Indonesia and Malaysia but continue to face limited access to financing. Within a dual banking system, monetary policy is transmitted through the conventional credit and Islamic financing channels. Differences in financial system characteristics and the development of Islamic banking are expected to influence the effectiveness of monetary transmission in supporting MSME financing. This study analyzes the monetary transmission mechanism through both channels, examines the contribution of monetary and macroeconomic variables, and compares their effectiveness in Indonesia and Malaysia. Quarterly data for the period 2014Q2–2025Q4 are analyzed using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), complemented by the Granger causality test, Impulse Response Function (IRF), and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD). The variables include the policy rate, M2, conventional credit, Islamic financing, investment, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The results show that Indonesia's monetary transmission remains dominated by the conventional credit channel, which exhibits a more stable response to monetary policy and macroeconomic shocks. In contrast, Malaysia demonstrates a more balanced transmission between the conventional and Islamic channels, with the Islamic financing channel more closely linked to the real sector. The FEVD results indicate that investment is the main factor explaining variations in MSME financing in Indonesia, whereas the contributions of the conventional and Islamic channels in Malaysia are relatively balanced, reflecting a more integrated dual banking system. The comparison of effectiveness shows that Indonesia is more effective through the conventional credit channel in terms of response stability (IRF), while the Islamic financing channel is more sensitive to monetary shocks (FEVD). In contrast, Malaysia exhibits a more balanced and complementary role of both channels. These findings suggest that IRF and FEVD capture complementary dimensions of monetary transmission effectiveness. The findings imply that Indonesia should strengthen the role of Islamic financing by deepening the Islamic money market, optimizing Islamic monetary policy instruments, enhancing policy coordination, and reinforcing the intermediation role of Islamic banks in MSME financing. Meanwhile, Malaysia should maintain the integration of its conventional and Islamic banking channels to support more inclusive and sustainable MSME financing.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179015
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      • MF - Economic and Management [3351]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
      All rights reserved
      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
      IPB University Scientific Repository
      UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Institutional Repository
      Universitas Jember Digital Repository