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      Pengembangan Bahan Pelapis Berbasis Poliuretan, Lignin, dan Sukrosa untuk Genteng Komposit

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Walidaini, Riskatul
      Hermawan, Dede
      Alipraja, Irsan
      Sutiawan, Jajang
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      Abstract
      Genteng komposit ringan berbahan serat alam memiliki potensi besar untuk mengurangi risiko korban jiwa akibat runtuhan atap saat gempa bumi, namun stabilitas dimensinya masih menjadi kendala utama dalam jangka panjang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh aplikasi bahan pelapis poliuretan berbasis lignin dan sukrosa terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis, karakteristik permukaan, serta stabilitas termal genteng komposit yang berbahan dasar bagas sorgum. Genteng komposit berukuran 30 cm × 30 cm × 0,6 cm dengan kerapatan target 0,8 g/cm³ dibuat dari partikel bagas sorgum (4–20 mesh) dan perekat asam sitrat dan molase (50:50) yang dikempa panas pada suhu 200 °C dan tekanan 5 MPa selama 10 menit. Formulasi pelapis dioleskan dengan berat labur 110 g/m² dalam tiga variasi: poliuretan murni (PU), poliuretan modifikasi 20% lignin (PUL), dan poliuretan modifikasi 20% sukrosa (PUS). Evaluasi dilakukan mencakup sifat fisis dan mekanis (JIS A 5908:2003), daya lekat pelapis (ASTM D3359-02), ketahanan rembesan dan daya serap air (SNI 0096:2007), kekasaran permukaan (ISO 4287:1997), serta analisis instrumental (FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, dan Py-GC/MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pelapis PU, PUL, dan PUS secara signifikan meningkatkan nilai kerapatan menjadi sebesar 0,83 g/cm³ dan menurunkan nilai kadar air hingga 6,14–6,22%. Aplikasi 3 lapisan PUL dan PUS secara efektif menahan air dengan nilai daya serap air sebesar 4,46–5,50% serta memberikan penguatan mekanis terbaik, menghasilkan keteguhan lentur sebesar 2600 N/mm² dan keteguhan patah sebesar 18 N/mm². Pelapisan juga menurunkan kekasaran permukaan, menghasilkan daya lekat kelas 4B, menahan rembesan air selama 20 jam, serta membentuk sudut kontak yang lebih stabil. Analisis FTIR mengonfirmasi penurunan gugus hidroksil akibat pembentukan ikatan ester pada PUL dan PUS. Hasil ini didukung oleh struktur dominan amorf dengan kristalinitas PUS tertinggi, serta peningkatan stabilitas termal dan pembentukan residu karbon yang lebih baik pada formula PUL.
       
      Lightweight composite roof tiles made from natural fibers have great potential to reduce the risk of casualties from roof collapse during earthquakes, but their dimensional stability remains a major challenge in the long term. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of applying lignin- and sucrose-based polyurethane coating materials on the physical and mechanical properties, surface characteristics, and thermal stability of composite roof tiles made from sorghum bagasse. The composite tiles measuring 30 cm × 30 cm × 0.6 cm with a target density of 0.8 g/cm³ were made from sorghum bagasse particles (4–20 mesh) and citric acid-molasses adhesive (50:50) hot-pressed at 200 °C and 5 MPa pressure for 10 minutes. The coating formulation was applied with a spread weight of 110 g/m² in three variations: pure polyurethane (PU), 20% lignin-modified polyurethane (PUL), and 20% sucrose-modified polyurethane (PUS). The evaluation included physical and mechanical properties (JIS A 5908:2003), coating adhesion (ASTM D3359-02), water seepage resistance and water absorption (SNI 0096:2007), surface roughness (ISO 4287:1997), and instrumental analyses (FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, and Py-GC/MS). The results showed that the application of PU, PUL, and PUS coatings significantly increased the density value to 0.83 g/cm³ and reduced the moisture content to 6.14–6.22%. Applying 3 coats of PUL and PUS effectively repelled water with a water absorption value of 4.46–5.50% and provided the highest mechanical reinforcement, yielding a modulus of rupture of 2600 N/mm² and internal bond strength of 18 N/mm². The coating also reduced surface roughness, produced class 4B adhesion quality, resisted water seepage for 20 hours, and formed a more stable contact angle. FTIR analysis confirmed a decrease in hydroxyl groups due to the formation of ester bonds in PUL and PUS. These results were supported by a predominantly amorphous structure with the highest PUS crystallinity, as well as improved thermal stability and better carbon residue formation in the PUL formula.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178964
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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