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      Induksi Poliploidisasi Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) Menggunakan Kolkisin untuk Mendapatkan Genotipe dengan Kandungan Fitokimia Tinggi

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Nafisah, An'nisa Zahro
      Efendi, Darda
      Sukma, Dewi
      Nurcholis, Waras
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      Abstract
      Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) merupakan tanaman yang dikenal memiliki khasiat obat karena memiliki berbagai kandungan senyawa aktif, di antaranya adalah linalool, linalyl acetate, sineol, dan polifenol. Keragaman genetik lavender dapat ditingkatkan, salah satunya melalui penggandaan kromosom menggunakan kolkisin. Peningkatan ploidi akibat induksi mutasi dengan kolkisin diketahui dapat memengaruhi ukuran sel, karakter morfologi, serta biosintesis metabolit sekunder tanaman. Penelitian mengenai induksi mutasi dengan kolkisin pada L. angustifolia, khususnya terkait nilai lethal concentration 50 (LC50) kolkisin masih belum tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh kolkisin dan mendapatkan nilai LC50 kolkisin pada L. angustifolia secara in vitro, serta memperoleh mutan putatif lavender sebagai sumber keragaman genetik baru dan mengevaluasi potensi polifenol dan antioksidannya. Penelitian dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan eksplan lavender berukuran 2–3 cm dengan dua buku yang diberi perlakuan kolkisin berbagai konsentrasi (0; 0,04; 0,08; 0,12; 0,16; 0,20; 0,24%). Persentase hidup eksplan pada empat minggu setelah perlakuan dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi Curve Expert 2.7 untuk memperoleh nilai LC50 kolkisin. Setelah mendapatkan nilai LC50, induksi mutasi dilakukan kembali dengan empat taraf (0; 0,75 LC50; LC50; 1,25 LC50) untuk memperbesar peluang terjadinya keragaman mutan putatif. Evaluasi tingkat ploidi dilakukan pada M1V3 menggunakan flow cytometry dan analisis stomata. Pengamatan stomata dilakukan dengan mengukur panjang, lebar, dan kerapatan stomata. Planlet lavender poliploid dianalisis fitokimianya melalui uji total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), dan kapasitas antioksidan menggunakan metode 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) dan ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa estimasi nilai LC50 kolkisin pada tanaman lavender in vitro adalah 0,14%. Perlakuan kolkisin di sekitar nilai LC50 (0,11%; 0,14%; 0,17%) menunjukkan karakter jumlah nodus mengalami penurunan pada perlakuan kolkisin 0,14% (4,67±1,00), sedangkan jumlah cabang terbanyak (3,22±2,63) diperoleh dari perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 0,17% dan berbeda secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol dan perlakuan lainnya. Konfirmasi ploidi pada mutan putatif terseleksi dengan flow cytometry menunjukkan adanya perubahan ploidi pada kode planlet K1-B-1.3-1-1 (hasil perlakuan kolkisin 0,11%) menjadi tetraploid. Analisis fitokimia pada planlet lavender tetraploid menunjukkan kandungan TFC (2,62±0,05 mg QE/g FW), TPC (3,67±0,06 mg GAE/g FW), dan antioksidan dengan FRAP (10,32±0,16 µmol TE/g FW) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan individu diploid dan heksaploid. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa induksi poliploidisasi dengan kolkisin dapat memengaruhi kapasitas antioksidan serta akumulasi senyawa bioaktif pada planlet lavender terseleksi.
       
      Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) is an aromatic plant that contains various bioactive compounds, including linalool, linalyl acetate, cineole, and polyphenols. One approach to increase plant genetic diversity is chromosome doubling using colchicine. Colchicine-induced polyploidization has been shown to affect cell size, morphological characteristics, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Research on colchicine-induced mutation in L. angustifolia, particularly regarding its lethal concentration 50 (LC50) value, remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of colchicine, determine the LC50 value of colchicine in L. angustifolia, obtain putative lavender mutants as a new source of genetic diversity, and evaluate their phytochemical potential. The research was conducted in vitro using 2–3 cm lavender explants with two nodes treated with various colchicine concentrations (0; 0,04; 0,08; 0,12; 0,16; 0,20; and 0,24%). The survival percentage at four weeks post-treatment was analyzed using Curve Expert 2.7 to determine the LC50 value. Following the determination of the LC50, colchicine mutation induction was repeated using four levels (0; 0,75 LC50; LC50; and 1,25 LC50) to maximize the probability of obtaining diverse putative mutants. Ploidy evaluation was conducted on the M1V3 generation using flow cytometry and stomatal histological analysis. Stomatal histological observations were performed by measuring stomatal length, width, and density. Polyploid lavender plantlets and diploid as control identified by flow cytometry, were phytochemically analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The results showed that the LC50 value of colchicine for lavender in vitro was 0,14%. Colchicine treatments around the LC50 value (0,11; 0,14; and 0,17%) showed that the node number decreased under the 0,14% treatment (4,67±1,00), whereas the highest branch number (3,22±2,63) was observed with the 0,17% treatment and was significantly different from the control and other treatments. Ploidy level confirmation of the selected putative mutants via flow cytometry indicated ploidy alterations in plantlet code K1-B-1.3-1-1 (0,11% colchicine) to tetraploid. Phytochemical analysis was performed on the tetraploid and hexaploid selected plantlets, revealing that the tetraploid showed higher TFC (2,62±0,05 mg QE/g F), TPC (3,67±0,06 mg GAE/g FW), and FRAP antioxidant capacity (10,32±0,16 µmol TE/g FW) compared to the diploid and hexaploid selected plantlets. These findings suggest that colchicine-induced ploidy alteration may influence bioactive compound accumulation and antioxidant capacity in the selected confirmed plantlets.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178922
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