Prioritas Pengembangan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kota Tangerang Selatan dalam Mendukung Low Carbon City

Abstract

mempertimbangkan skor variabel: daerah rawan banjir (A), harga lahan (B), kemiringan lereng (C), daerah resapan air (D), lahan terbangun (E), jarak terhadap arteri (F), jarak terhadap pusat kota (G), dan kepadatan penduduk (H). Setiap variabel mempunyai bobot yang berbeda ditentukan dengan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas RTH di Kota Tangerang Selatan hanya mencapai sekitar 1.119 ha atau 7% dari total luas wilayah kota. Kemampuan serapan karbon vegetasi diperkirakan sebesar 83.831 ton CO2 per tahun, sedangkan total emisi dari sektor transportasi, industri, dan domestik mencapai 2.253.717 ton CO2 per tahun sehingga perlu penambahan RTH seluas 1.092 ha. Model penentuan lokasi prioritas pengembangan RTH adalah sebagai berikut: Yi =0,20.A + 0,21.B + 0,07.C + 0,23.D + 0,12.E + 0,03.F + 0,09.G + 0,05.H; Yi = Skor total lokasi pengembangan RTH ke- i. Prioritas lokasi RTH didasarkan pada skor total sebagai berikut: Prioritas 1 (0,67 – 1,00), Prioritas 2 (0,34 – 0,66), dan Prioritas 3 (0,00 – 0,33). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas lokasi prioritas 1 seluas 3.858,75 ha, lokasi prioritas 2 seluas 11.110,62 ha, dan lokasi prioritas 3 seluas 1.481,43 ha. Penambahan luas RTH sebesar 1.092 ha dilakukan di lokasi prioritas 1. Arahan pengembangan tipologi RTH disesuaikan pola ruang di Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Tangerang Selatan.

This study examines the need for Green Open Spaces (GOS) to support low-carbon urban development in South Tangerang City. Rapid urbanization has led to an increase in transportation, industrial, and domestic activities, resulting in high CO2 emissions. The objectives of this study are: 1) to identify the current state of GOS; 2) to calculate CO2 emissions from the transportation, industrial, and domestic sectors; 3) to determine the required area of GOS; and 4) to identify priority locations for GOS development. The identification of GOS typologies and the calculation of GOS area were conducted at the beginning of the study. Sample plots were selected to determine tree species and dimensions, which were subsequently used to estimate CO2 absorption capacity using the i-Tree Eco application. CO2 emissions were calculated using IPCC (2006) guidelines. The required OGR area was determined by dividing the remaining CO2 emissions not absorbed by trees by the trees’ CO2 absorption capacity per hectare. Priority locations for green open spaces were identified using a Geographic Information System (GIS) algorithm to develop a model that considered the following variable scores: flood-prone areas (A), land prices (B), slope gradient (C), water infiltration areas (D), built-up land (E), distance to major roads (F), distance to the city center (G), and population density (H). Each variable has a different weight determined by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the study show that the area of green open spaces in South Tangerang City is only about 1,119 ha, or 7% of the city’s total area. The carbon sequestration capacity of vegetation is estimated at 83,831 metric tons of CO2 per year, while total emissions from the transportation, industrial, and domestic sectors reach 2,253,717 metric tons of CO2 per year, necessitating an additional 1,092 ha of green open space. The model for determining priority locations for green open space development is as follows: Yi = 0.20A + 0.21B + 0.07C + 0.23D + 0.12E + 0.03F + 0.09G + 0.05 H[RH4.1]; Yi = Total score for the i-th green open space development site. Green open space site priorities are based on the total score as follows: Priority 1 (0.67–1.00), Priority 2 (0.34–0.66), and Priority 3 (0.00–0.33). The research results show that the area of Priority 1 sites is 3,858.75 ha, Priority 2 sites is 11,110.62 ha, and Priority 3 sites is 1,481.43 ha. An additional 1,092 ha of green open space was added in Priority 1 areas. Guidelines for the development of green open space typologies were aligned with the spatial patterns outlined in the South Tangerang City Spatial Plan.