Penentuan Area Prioritas Pengelolaan Habitat Macan Tutul Jawa di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai

Abstract

Macan tutul jawa (Panthera pardus melas) adalah satwa endemik terancam punah yang kelestariannya bergantung pada kualitas habitat. Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC) merupakan habitat esensial yang kini menghadapi tekanan fragmentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan peta tutupan lahan, peta kesesuaian habitat, dan peta area prioritas pengelolaan di TNGC. Tutupan lahan dianalisis menggunakan Google Earth Engine (GEE), kesesuaian habitat menggunakan MaxEnt, dan penentuan area prioritas perlindungan dan peningkatan kualitas menggunakan RStudio. Hasil analisis tutupan lahan mengidentifikasi area pertanian seluas 45,54 ha di dalam kawasan sebagai potensi ancaman. Model kesesuaian habitat dengan nilai AUC 0,964 menghasilkan area sesuai seluas 4466,88 ha. Area prioritas perlindungan teridentifikasi seluas 4475 ha, seluruhnya adalah hutan alam. Area prioritas peningkatan kualitas habitat prioritas pertama hingga ketiga berturut-turut seluas 125 ha, 1300 ha, dan 775 ha. Hasil tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi rekomendasi dalam pengelolaan habitat macan tutul jawa di TNGC.

The Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas) is an endangered endemic species whose survival depends on habitat quality. Mount Ciremai National Park (TNGC) is an essential habitat currently facing fragmentation pressures. This study aims to produce land cover maps, habitat suitability maps, and priority habitat management maps for TNGC. Land cover was analyzed using Google Earth Engine (GEE), habitat suitability was modeled using MaxEnt, and priority areas for habitat protection and habitat quality improvement were identified using RStudio. The results showed that 45,54 ha of agricultural land occurred within the national park, indicating a potential threat to Javan leopard habitat. The habitat suitability model achieved an AUC value of 0,964 and identified 4466,88 ha of suitable habitat. Based on spatial prioritization, 4475 ha were identified as priority areas for habitat protection, all of which were classified as natural forest. Meanwhile, priority areas for habitat quality improvement were categorized into first, second, and third priority areas covering 125 ha, 1300 ha, and 775 ha, respectively. These findings are expected to provide recommendations for Javan leopard habitat management in TNGC.