Hubungan Asupan Protein, Aktivitas Fisik, Status Gizi, dan Massa Otot dengan Kekuatan Genggam pada Lansia di Panti Jompo

Abstract

Indonesia telah memasuki fase aging population dengan proporsi lansia mencapai 12% pada tahun 2024. Proses penuaan menyebabkan penurunan massa dan kekuatan otot yang berdampak pada kemampuan fungsional lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan asupan protein, aktivitas fisik, status gizi, dan massa otot dengan kekuatan genggam pada lansia di panti jompo. Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan pada Mei 2026 terhadap 32 lansia berusia =60 tahun di tiga panti jompo Kabupaten Bogor secara purposive sampling. Asupan protein diukur dengan metode visual comstock, aktivitas fisik menggunakan Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), status gizi dan massa otot menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) Omron, serta kekuatan genggam menggunakan handgrip dynamometer. Sebagian besar subjek mengalami defisit protein berat (59,4%), kurang aktif (87,5%), berstatus gizi normal (62,5%), memiliki massa otot rendah (87,5%), dan kekuatan genggam lemah (81,3%). Asupan protein, aktivitas fisik, dan massa otot memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kekuatan genggam (p<0,05), sedangkan status gizi tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan.

Indonesia has entered the aging population phase, with older adults accounting for 12% of the total population in 2024. Aging is associated with declines in muscle mass and strength, which impair functional capacity in older adults. This study aimed to analyze the associations of protein intake, physical activity, nutritional status, and muscle mass with handgrip strength among older adults living in nursing homes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2026 involving 32 adults aged =60 years from three nursing homes in Bogor Regency, selected through purposive sampling. Protein intake was assessed using the Visual Comstock method, physical activity using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), nutritional status and muscle mass using Omron Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), and handgrip strength using a handgrip dynamometer. Most participants had severe protein deficiency (59.4%), were physically inactive (87.5%), had normal nutritional status (62.5%), low muscle mass (87.5%), and weak handgrip strength (81.3%). Protein intake, physical activity, and muscle mass were significantly associated with handgrip strength (p<0.05), whereas nutritional status showed no significant association.