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      Pelestarian Lanskap Sejarah Gombong untuk Penetapan sebagai Kota Pusaka di Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Hidayah, Zahra Nurul
      Nurhayati
      Kaswanto
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      Abstract
      Dalam Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kabupaten Kebumen 2024– 2044, Gombong ditetapkan sebagai kawasan strategis sosial-budaya yang diarahkan menjadi Kota Pusaka. Namun, hingga saat ini belum tersedia strategi pelestarian yang komprehensif. Permasalahan utama meliputi belum jelasnya batas kawasan pusaka dalam RTRW, keterlibatan masyarakat yang masih terbatas, serta pengelolaan ruang yang belum terintegrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun strategi pelestarian lanskap sejarah Gombong melalui identifikasi sebaran elemen lanskap sejarah, analisis signifikansi, serta kajian persepsi dan preferensi masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis deskriptif dan spasial, penilaian signifikansi berdasarkan Kalman (1980), survei kuesioner, serta Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) dengan melibatkan responden ahli. Terdapat 21 elemen lanskap sejarah yang teridentifikasi di Kecamatan Gombong. Berdasarkan penilaian signifikansi, 17 diantaranya memiliki signifikasi Major Significance dan 4 lainnya termasuk signifikansi Importance. Dengan mempertimbangkan sebaran elemen lanskap sejarah, batas Kawasan Strategis Sosial Budaya, batas desa, dan batas fisik seperti sungai dan jalan, ditentukan batas Kawasan Kota Pusaka yang lebih fokus. Dalam Kawasan Kota Pusaka tersebut, dapat dibagi menjadi 4 Kawasan Pusaka dengan mempertimbangkan tipologi sejarah dan spasial kawasan. Kawasan Pusaka tersebut adalah Kawasan Fort Cochius, Kawasan DKT dan Perumahan Militer, Kawasan Pecinan, dan Kawasan Stasiun. Di luar 4 kawasan tersebut, terdapat Institusi Pendidikan dan Rumah Ibadah yang secara spasial lebih tersebar. Masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan cukup tinggi terhadap keberadaan warisan sejarah (2,854) dan menilai pelestarian sebagai sangat penting (3,425), namun pemahaman terhadap konsep Kota Pusaka (2,175) dan kebijakannya (1,903) masih rendah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dukungan publik cenderung bersifat umum dan belum berbasis pemahaman yang mendalam. Masyarakat juga memiliki harapan yang tinggi terhadap dampak ekonomi dan pariwisata dari pengembangan lanskap sejarah (3,311), dengan preferensi pada pengembangan fisik kawasan, kegiatan budaya, serta pemanfaatan media sosial sebagai sarana informasi. Analisis AHP menunjukkan bahwa pelestarian lanskap sejarah Gombong diprioritaskan pada aspek kelembagaan dan kebijakan (0,415), diikuti sosial-budaya (0,253), lingkungan dan tata ruang (0,208), serta ekonomi (0,124). Kawasan Benteng Van Der Wijck menjadi prioritas utama (0,465) sebagai inti Kota Pusaka, didukung kawasan Pecinan (0,166) dan DKT–permukiman militer (0,140). Strategi pelestarian diarahkan secara bertahap melalui penguatan regulasi dan kelembagaan, peningkatan sosial dan budaya masyarakat, penataan kawasan berbasis keaslian lanskap, serta pengembangan ekonomi berbasis pusaka.
       
      In the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) of Kebumen Regency 2024–2044, Gombong is designated as a socio-cultural strategic area to be developed as a heritage city. However, a comprehensive preservation strategy has not yet been established. Key issues include the absence of clearly defined heritage boundaries in the RTRW, limited community involvement, and the lack of integrated spatial management. This study aims to formulate a preservation strategy for Gombong’s historical landscape through identifying the distribution of historical assets, assessing their significance, and examining community perceptions and preferences. The methods used include descriptive and spatial method, significance assessment based on Kalman (1980), questionnaire surveys, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) involving expert respondents. A total of 21 historical landscape elements were identified in Gombong District, consisting of 17 classified as Major Significance and 4 as Importance. By considering the distribution of historical assets, the boundaries of the socio-cultural strategic area, village boundaries, and physical features such as roads and rivers, a more focused delineation of the heritage area was defined. This area is further divided into four heritage zones based on historical and spatial characteristics: Fort Cochius, DKT and Military Housing, Chinatown, and the Station area. In addition, educational institutions and religious sites are distributed more sparsely across the area. Community perception shows relatively high awareness of the existence of historical heritage (2,854) and a very high recognition of the importance of preservation (3,425). However, understanding of the heritage city concept (2,175) and its related policies (1,903) remains low, indicating that public support tends to be general rather than based on in-depth knowledge. At the same time, expectations regarding economic and tourism benefits are high (3,311), with preferences focused on area revitalization, cultural activities, and the use of social media for information dissemination. The AHP analysis indicates that preservation priorities lie primarily in institutional and policy aspects (0,415), followed by socio-cultural (0,253), environmental and spatial (0,208), and economic aspects (0,124). The Benteng Van Der Wijck area emerges as the top priority (0.465) as the core of the heritage city, followed by the Chinatown area (0,166) and the DKT–military housing area (0,140). Preservation strategies are therefore proposed in stages, including strengthening regulations and zoning, enhancing public education and participation, organizing the area based on landscape authenticity, and developing heritage-based economic activities—prioritizing historical tourism, followed by UMKM, promotion, and adaptive reuse.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178853
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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