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      Karakteristik Web I-Joist dari Tiga Jenis Bambu dengan Variasi Diameter dan Pola Peletakan

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Panggabean, Lastiur Eva
      Nugroho, Naresworo
      Darmawan, I Wayan
      Hermawan, Dede
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      Abstract
      Pemanfaatan bambu sebagai material struktural terus berkembang karena memiliki pertumbuhan cepat, bobot relatif ringan, serta potensi mekanis yang baik. Salah satu bentuk pemanfaatannya adalah sebagai elemen web pada balok I-joist. Pada struktur I-joist, flange berfungsi sebagai elemen penahan dan penyalur beban, sedangkan web berperan menjaga kestabilan serta meneruskan beban antar flange. Namun, kinerja mekanis I-joist berbasis bambu sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis bambu, diameter web, serta pola peletakan web. Oleh karena itu, kajian mengenai kombinasi penyusunan web bambu diperlukan untuk memperoleh konfigurasi yang kuat, stabil, dan sesuai untuk aplikasi struktural ringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat fisis, kuat tekan, dan pola kerusakan balok I-joist dengan variasi jenis bambu, diameter bambu, dan pola penyusunan web. Jenis bambu yang digunakan terdiri atas bambu siam, bambu krisik, dan bambu kuning, sedangkan diameter web yang digunakan adalah 2 cm dan 3 cm. Pola penyusunan web dibuat dalam empat variasi. Sampel I-joist dibuat menggunakan flange dari kayu akasia dan web bambu, kemudian diuji sifat fisisnya meliputi kadar air dan kerapatan. Pengujian kuat tekan dilakukan untuk memperoleh nilai kerusakan awal dan beban maksimum. Nilai kuat tekan dihitung berdasarkan tiga bidang acuan, yaitu luas alas plat, luas flange, dan luas permukaan web. Data dianalisis secara statistik untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis bambu, diameter, pola peletakan, serta interaksinya terhadap kuat tekan. Selain itu, pengamatan visual dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi bentuk kerusakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis bambu, pola peletakan, dan diameter bambu berpengaruh terhadap kuat tekan I-joist. Bambu siam menunjukkan performa terbaik dibandingkan bambu krisik dan bambu kuning, khususnya pada diameter 3 cm. Kombinasi bambu siam diameter 3 cm dengan pola peletakan 4 menghasilkan kuat tekan tertinggi, yaitu 176,12 kgf/cm² berdasarkan luas plat dan 33,39 kgf/cm² berdasarkan luas flange. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bambu siam memiliki karakteristik yang lebih mendukung sebagai elemen web. Berdasarkan pengamatan visual, kerusakan I-joist menunjukkan pola kegagalan bertahap. Kerusakan diawali oleh deformasi lokal pada daerah sambungan antara web dan flange, kemudian berkembang menjadi tekuk, retak, atau patah pada web, serta pada beberapa sampel berlanjut menjadi retak pada flange. Pola peletakan 3 dan 4 cenderung lebih stabil dibandingkan pola 1 dan 2 karena mampu membentuk jalur penyaluran beban yang lebih merata. Namun, pada diameter web yang lebih besar, gaya yang diteruskan ke flange juga meningkat sehingga konsentrasi tegangan pada daerah sambungan dapat memicu kerusakan flange. Secara keseluruhan, konfigurasi terbaik dalam
       
      The utilization of bamboo as a structural material continues to develop because of its rapid growth, relatively light weight, and good mechanical properties. One form of its utilization is as a web element in I-joist beams. In an I-joist structure, the flanges function as load-resisting and load-transferring elements, while the web maintains stability and transfers loads between the flanges. However, the mechanical performance of bamboo based I-joists is strongly influenced by bamboo species, web diameter, and web arrangement pattern. Therefore, a study of bamboo web arrangement combinations is required to obtain a strong and stable configuration suitable for light structural applications. This study aimed to analyze the physical properties, compressive strength, and failure patterns of I-joist beams with variations in bamboo species, bamboo diameter, and web arrangement pattern. The bamboo species used were siam bamboo, krisik bamboo, and yellow bamboo, with web diameters of 2 cm and 3 cm. The web arrangements consisted of four patterns. The I-joist specimens were made from acacia wood flanges and bamboo webs and tested for their physical properties, including moisture content and density. Compressive strength testing was conducted to determine the initial failure load and maximum load. Compressive strength values were calculated based on three reference areas: the plate area, flange area, and web surface area. The data were statistically analyzed to determine the effects of bamboo species, diameter, arrangement pattern, and their interactions on compressive strength. In addition, visual observations were conducted to evaluate the forms of failure. The results showed that bamboo species, arrangement pattern, and bamboo diameter affected the compressive strength of the I-joists. Siam bamboo showed the best performance compared with krisik bamboo and yellow bamboo, particularly at a diameter of 3 cm. The combination of 3 cm diameter siam bamboo with arrangement pattern 4 produced the highest compressive strength, namely 176.12 kgf/cm² based on the plate area and 33.39 kgf/cm² based on the flange area. This result indicates that siam bamboo has characteristics that are more suitable for use as a web element. Based on visual observations, the I-joist failures exhibited a progressive failure pattern. Failure began with local deformation at the web-flange connection, then progressed to buckling, cracking, or fracture of the web, and, in several specimens, to cracking of the flange. Arrangement patterns 3 and 4 tended to be more stable than patterns 1 and 2 because they formed a more evenly distributed load transfer path. However, at larger web diameters, the force transferred to the flange also increased, resulting in stress concentrations at the connection area that could initiate flange failure. Overall, the best configuration in this study was 3 cm diameter siam bamboo with arrangement pattern 4.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178841
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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