Potensi Pupuk Organik Cair dari Limbah Industri Minyak Nyamplung sebagai Biofungisida Cendawan Pestalotiopsis sp. dan Pupuk Kompos.

Abstract

Pestalotiopsis sp. merupakan cendawan patogen penurun produktvitas tanaman yang dapat dikendalikan menggunakan pupuk organik cair (POC) berbasis limbah nyamplung yang kaya senyawa bioaktif, antimikroba, dan antifungi. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh jenis bahan dan bioaktivator dalam pembuatan POC, daya hambat terhadap Pestalotiopsis sp. (in vitro media potato dextrose agar (PDA) dan potato dextrose broth (PDB)), serta efektivitasnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi (in vivo). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Bioaktivator EM4 menghasilkan rendemen POC tertinggi (66,15%), diikuti biohara (64,62%) dan tanpa bioaktivator (57,12%). Perlakuan cangkang nyamplung tanpa bioaktivator (C.K) paling efektif menghambat Pestalotiopsis sp. (penghambatan diameter koloni miselium18,89% dan biomassa 37,90%), serta menjadi perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan metode De Garmo (skor 0,79). Uji in vivo, buah nyamplung bioaktivator biohara (B.BHP) menghasilkan tinggi tanaman 16,67 cm mendekati kontrol (18,20 cm), sementara C.K dan buah nyamplung tanpa bioaktivator (B.K) menghambat pertumbuhan diduga akibat senyawa fitotoksik yang belum terdegradasi sempurna. C.K direkomendasikan sebagai formula biofungisida, sedangkan perlakuan berbioaktivator lebih sesuai sebagai biofungisida sekaligus pupuk pendukung pertumbuhan.

Pestalotiopsis sp. is a pathogenic fungus that reduces plant productivity and can be controlled using liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) derived from Calophyllum inophyllum waste, which is rich in bioactive, antimicrobial, and antifungal compounds. This study analyzed the effects of material type and bioactivator on LOF production, its inhibitory activity against Pestalotiopsis sp. (in vitro, using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and potato dextrose broth (PDB) media), and its effectiveness on the growth of mustard greens (Brassica juncea) (in vivo). Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test at a 95% confidence level. The EM4 bioactivator produced the highest LOF yield (66.15%), followed by Biohara (64.62%) and the treatment without bioactivator (57.12%). The nyamplung shell treatment without bioactivator (C.K) was the most effective in inhibiting Pestalotiopsis sp., with 18.89% inhibition of mycelial colony diameter and 37.90% inhibition of biomass, and was identified as the best treatment based on the De Garmo method (score of 0.79). In the in vivo assay, the nyamplung fruit treatment with Biohara bioactivator (B.BHP) produced a plant height of 16.67 cm, close to the control (18.20 cm), whereas C.K and the nyamplung fruit treatment without bioactivator (B.K) inhibited plant growth, presumably due to incompletely degraded phytotoxic compounds. C.K is recommended as the optimal biofungicide formula, while the bioactivator-treated formulations are more suitable for dual application as biofungicide and plant growth-supporting fertilizer.