Pengaruh Konsentrasi K2CO3 dan CaCl2 pada Pembentukan Kayu Mineralisasi Jabon Putih (Neolamarckia cadamba) terhadap Sifat Fisis, Mekanis, Uji Bakar, dan Pemesinan Kayu

Abstract

Kayu jabon putih (Neolamarckia cadamba) memiliki kerapatan dan kekuatan relatif rendah sehingga memerlukan peningkatan mutu melalui mineralisasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi CaCl2 dan K2CO3 (0,5 dan 1,0 mol/L) terhadap sifat fisis, mekanis, ketahanan api, dan pemesinan kayu jabon putih hasil impregnasi bertahap, dengan kontrol sebagai pembanding. Nilai Weight Percent Gain (WPG), berat jenis, dan Anti-Swelling Efficiency (ASE) meningkat signifikan seiring naiknya konsentrasi, disertai penurunan kadar air. Modulus of Rupture (MOR) menurun signifikan, sedangkan Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) dan kekerasan tidak berubah nyata. Ketahanan api meningkat signifikan pada konsentrasi 1,0 mol/L dengan kehilangan berat menurun lebih dari separuh dibandingkan kontrol. Kekasaran permukaan serta cacat pemesinan juga menurun signifikan pada kayu termineralisasi. Mineralisasi CaCO3 terbukti meningkatkan stabilitas dimensi, ketahanan api, dan kualitas pemesinan kayu jabon putih, meskipun kekuatan lenturnya menurun.

White jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) has relatively low density and strength, requiring quality improvement through mineralization. This study analyzed the effect of CaCl2 and K2CO3 concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 mol/L) on the physical, mechanical, fire resistance, and machining properties of white jabon wood following sequential impregnation, with untreated wood as control. Weight Percent Gain (WPG), specific gravity, and Anti-Swelling Efficiency (ASE) increased significantly with concentration, accompanied by decreased moisture content. Modulus of Rupture (MOR) decreased significantly, while Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and hardness showed no significant change. Fire resistance improved significantly at 1.0 mol/L, with weight loss reduced by more than half compared to the control. Surface roughness and machining defects also decreased significantly in mineralized wood. CaCO3 mineralization was shown to improve the dimensional stability, fire resistance, and machining quality of white jabon wood, despite a reduction in bending strength.