Integrated Strategy for Mitigating Environmental Impacts of Studentification Around IPB Darmaga Campus

Abstract

The peri-urban area surrounding IPB Darmaga Campus has experienced growing settlement demand associated with an increasing student populations, raising concerns about environmental quality including: thermal conditions, clean water quality, and waste management. This study examined the spatial characteristics of these environmental conditions and formulated integrated mitigation strategies based on empirical analysis and expert judgment. A mixed-method approach was applied, integrating spatial analysis, environmental measurements, and field data collection. Thermal conditions were assessed using multi-temporal Landsat imagery to derive Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI). Spatial relationships between UTFVI and six explanatory variables, namely vegetation index, water index, built-up index, elevation, slope, and population density, were examined using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Clean water quality was evaluated through Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Coliform parameters. Waste management was examined through field observations and household interviews. Mitigation strategies were formulated through the combination of the Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, and Results (SOAR) framework and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). LST and UTFVI patterns indicate increasing and spatially concentrated thermal stress, particularly in settlement clusters near the campus, although the annual comparison should be interpreted cautiously because each year is represented by one Landsat acquisition. GWR results indicate that vegetation loss and impervious surface expansion are the primary drivers, explaining 82% of UTFVI spatial variation. Clean water quality did not follow a clear building-density pattern, suggesting that infrastructure gaps, groundwater vulnerability, and the proximity of wells to sanitation facilities were more influential. A perception-reality gap was identified, where 38 of 39 sampled households reported no clean water quality concerns despite laboratory exceedances. Waste management practices differed clearly between planned and informal settlements. Planned settlements having regular waste collection services, while informal settlements relying more on self-managed disposal. Integrated mitigation strategies were developed through the SOAR-AHP approach involving eleven expert respondents. Sustainable land use received the highest priority weight (0.51), followed by basic sanitation utilities (0.29) and thermal environment (0.20). Water catchment area protection and building permit enforcement emerged as the two highest-priority specific interventions. Community participation appears consistently across all strategic combinations. This study demonstrates that campus-driven development in peri-urban areas generates interconnected environmental pressures that cannot be addressed through partial approaches alone.

Wilayah peri-urban di sekitar Kampus IPB Darmaga mengalami peningkatan permintaan permukiman yang didorong oleh pertumbuhan jumlah mahasiswa, sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran terhadap kualitas lingkungan diantaranya: kondisi termal, kualitas air, dan pengelolaan sampah. Penelitian ini mengkaji karakteristik spasial dari kondisi lingkungan tersebut dan merumuskan strategi mitigasi terpadu berdasarkan analisis empiris dan penilaian ahli. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran dengan mengintegrasikan analisis spasial, penilaian lingkungan, dan pengumpulan data lapang. Kondisi termal dianalisis menggunakan citra Landsat untuk memperoleh Land Surface Temperature (LST) secara multi-temporal, yang kemudian diturunkan menjadi Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI). Keterkaitan spasial antara UTFVI dan variabel penjelas kenyamanan termal seperti indeks vegetasi, indeks air, indeks lahan terbangun, ketinggian, kemiringan lereng, dan kepadatan penduduk dianalisis menggunakan Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Kualitas air bersih dievaluasi melalui parameter Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dan Total Coliform. Pengelolaan sampah dikaji melalui observasi lapangan. Strategi mitigasi dirumuskan menggunakan kombinasi kerangka Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, and Results (SOAR) dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Pola LST dan UTFVI menunjukkan adanya peningkatan stres termal yang terkonsentrasi di kawasan pemukiman, meskipun perbandingan antar tahun perlu ditafsirkan secara hati-hati karena setiap tahun hanya diwakili oleh satu citra Landsat. Hasil GWR menunjukkan bahwa tutupan vegetasi dan permukaan kedap air merupakan faktor dengan tingkat asosiasi tertinggi sebesar 82% dari variasi spasial UTFVI. Kualitas air tidak mengikuti pola kepadatan bangunan, didorong oleh kesenjangan infrastruktur, kerentanan air tanah, dan kedekatan antara sumur dengan fasilitas sanitasi. Terdapat kesenjangan antara persepsi masyarakat dan hasil pengukuran kualitas air bersih, di mana rumah tangga sampel melaporkan tidak ada masalah kualitas air meskipun hasil laboratorium melebihi baku mutu. Praktik pengelolaan sampah juga berbeda antara permukiman terencana dan permukiman swadaya. Permukiman terencana umumnya memiliki layanan pengangkutan sampah rutin, sedangkan permukiman swadaya lebih banyak mengandalkan pengelolaan sampah secara mandiri. Strategi mitigasi terpadu dikembangkan melalui pendekatan SOAR-AHP yang melibatkan sebelas responden ahli. Penggunaan lahan berkelanjutan memperoleh bobot prioritas tertinggi (0,51), diikuti oleh utilitas sanitasi dasar (0,29) dan lingkungan termal (0,20). Perlindungan kawasan tangkapan air dan penegakan izin mendirikan bangunan merupakan dua intervensi spesifik dengan prioritas tertinggi. Partisipasi masyarakat muncul secara konsisten di seluruh kombinasi strategi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan yang didorong oleh keberadaan kampus di wilayah peri-urban menghasilkan tekanan lingkungan yang saling terkait dan tidak dapat ditangani hanya melalui pendekatan parsial.