Evaluasi Multi-Kriteria Kesesuaian Lahan Komoditas Cengkeh di Kabupaten Sukabumi Bagian Barat

Abstract

Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) merupakan komoditas perkebunan bernilai ekonomi tinggi dan Kabupaten Sukabumi menjadi penghasil cengkeh tertinggi di Jawa Barat, terutama pada wilayah bagian barat yang memiliki luas pertanaman besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kesesuaian lahan komoditas cengkeh di Kabupaten Sukabumi bagian barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan multi-kriteria. Tahapan penelitian meliputi penentuan kriteria kesesuaian lahan, pembobotan menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), overlay peta setiap kriteria untuk menghasilkan peta kesesuaian lahan, serta analisis ketersediaan lahan berdasarkan penggunaan lahan dan RTRW. Kriteria yang digunakan meliputi elevasi, curah hujan, kemiringan lereng, drainase, kedalaman efektif, jenis tanah, formasi geologi, pH, KTK, KB, dan jarak ke pasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kriteria yang memiliki bobot paling besar adalah drainase, kedalaman efektif, dan curah hujan. Nilai Consistency Ratio (CR) keseluruhan sebesar 0,09 atau konsisten. Wilayah penelitian didominasi kelas cukup sesuai (S2) seluas 80.090,00 ha (55,81%) dan sangat sesuai (S1) seluas 53.840,30 ha (37,52%). Analisis ketersediaan lahan menunjukkan lahan tersedia seluas 18.012,67 ha (12,55%) dan potensi tersedia 1.398,91 ha (0,97%). Sementara itu, hasil analisis prioritas lahan menunjukkan wilayah sangat prioritas seluas 7.431,01 ha (5,18%) dan agak prioritas 12.495,90 ha (8,71%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan tersedia dengan tingkat kesesuaian tinggi menjadi prioritas utama pengembangan cengkeh di Kabupaten Sukabumi bagian barat.

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) is a plantation commodity of high economic value, and Sukabumi Regency is the largest clove producer in West Java, particularly in its western region, which has an extensive cultivation area. This study aims to evaluate the land suitability for clove cultivation in western Sukabumi Regency. The method employed is a multi-criteria approach. The research stages include determining land suitability criteria, weighting using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), overlaying maps for each criterion to produce a land suitability map and analyzing land availability based on land use and the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW). The criteria used encompass elevation, rainfall, slope, drainage, effective soil depth, soil type, geological formation, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), and distance to market. The results indicate that the criteria with the highest weights are drainage, effective soil depth, and rainfall. The overall Consistency Ratio (CR) value is 0,09, indicating consistency. The study area is dominated by the moderately suitable class (S2), covering 80.090,00 ha (55,81%), and the highly suitable class (S1), covering 53.840,30 ha (37,52%). Land availability analysis shows that available land amounts to 18.012,67 ha (12,55%), with potentially available land of 1.398,91 ha (0,97%). Meanwhile, land development priority analysis reveals that high-priority areas cover 7.431,01 ha (5,18%) and moderate-priority areas cover 12.495,90 ha (8,71%). The findings indicate that available land with high suitability levels constitutes the primary priority for clove development in western Sukabumi Regency.