Pengaruh Jenis Bahan Organik dan Kedalaman Lubang Resapan Berbasis Biopori (LRB) Terhadap Hasil Jagung Manis (Zea mays L. var. saccharata)

Abstract

Jagung manis (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) merupakan komoditas pangan bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang produktivitasnya dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan air dan unsur hara dalam tanah. Penggunaan bahan organik melalui lubang resapan biopori berpotensi meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, infiltrasi air, serta ketersediaan unsur hara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ragam jenis bahan organik dan kedalaman lubang resapan biopori terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) dan sifat kimia tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Pendidikan Cikabayan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, pada September 2025–Maret 2026 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal yaitu ragam jenis bahan organik (brangkasan jagung manis dan sampah pasar) dan kedalaman LRB (50 cm dan 100 cm) dan kontrol (tanpa bahan organik dan LRB) sehingga terdapat 5 perlakuan. Setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali, sehingga diperoleh 15 satuan percobaan. Variabel yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, hasil panen jagung manis dan sifat kimia tanah (C-organik, pH, N-total, P-tersedia, dan K-tersedia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ragam jenis bahan organik dan kedalaman LRB tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 4, 6, dan 8 Minggu Setelah Tanam (MST), hasil panen jagung, N-total, P-tersedia, C-organik, dan pH tanah, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 2 MST dan K-tersedia.

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) is a food commodity of high economic value whose productivity is influenced by water availability and nutrient content in the soil. The application of organic materials through biopore infiltration holes has the potential to improve soil fertility, water infiltration, and nutrient availability. This study aimed to analyze the effect of organic material types and biopore infiltration hole (BIH) depth on the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) and soil chemical properties. The research was conducted at the Cikabayan Education Farm, IPB University, from September 2025 to March 2026, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a single factor comprising combinations of organic material types (sweet corn stover and market waste) and BIH depths (50 cm and 100 cm), along with a control treatment (no organic material and no BIH), resulting in five treatment levels. Each treatment was replicated three times, yielding 15 experimental units. Variables observed included plant height, sweet corn yield, and soil chemical properties (organic-C, pH, total-N, available-P, and available-K). The results showed that organic material types and BIH depths had no significant effect on plant height at 4, 6, and 8 Weeks After Planting (WAP), corn yield, total-N, available-P, organic-C, and soil pH; however, they had a significant effect on plant height at 2 WAP and available-K.