Potensi Bakteri Filoplan Asal Sulur Buah Naga Untuk Pengendalian Kanker Batang (Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Penz.)

Abstract

Penyakit kanker batang yang disebabkan oleh Neoscytalidium dimidiatum merupakan salah satu kendala utama dalam budidaya buah naga. Pengendalian yang masih bergantung pada fungisida sintetis mendorong perlunya alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan bakteri filoplan sebagai agens pengendalian hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan bakteri filoplan asal sulur buah naga di Kabupaten Bogor yang berpotensi sebagai agens antagonis terhadap N. dimidiatum. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan dari sulur buah naga yang dikumpulkan dari 11 lokasi budidaya. Sebanyak 424 isolat didapatkan dari proses isolasi kemudian diseleksi berdasarkan kemampuan antagonisme melalui skrining pendahuluan dan didapatkan 43 isolat terpilih yang selanjutnya diuji keamanan hayati, uji dual culture dan senyawa volati dan kemampuan melarutkan fosfat. Isolat terbaik diseleksi menggunakan Proses Hierarki Analisis (PHA), dan diuji efektivitasnya secara in vivo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa isolat bakteri filoplan memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan N. dimidiatum. Tiga isolat terbaik mampu menekan perkembangan penyakit pada pengujian in vivo dengan efektivitas yang tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan fungisida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri filoplan asal buah naga berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agens pengendalian hayati penyakit kanker batang buah naga.

Kata kunci: Agens antagonis, Hylocereus polyrhizus, VOC, pengendalian hayati

Stem canker caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is one of the major constraints in dragon fruit cultivation. The continued reliance on synthetic fungicides has increased the need for environmentally friendly alternatives, including the use of phylloplane bacteria as biological control agents. This study aimed to identify filoplan bacteria from dragon fruit vines in Bogor Regency that have the potential to act as antagonistic agents against N. dimidiatum. Bacterial isolation was carried out from dragon fruit vines collected from 11 cultivation locations. A total of 424 isolates were obtained from the isolation process, then selected based on their antagonistic ability through preliminary screening. 43 isolates were selected, which were then tested for biosafety, dual culture testing, volatile compounds, and phosphate solubilization. The best isolates were selected using Process Hierarchy Analysis (PHA) and their effectiveness was tested in vivo. The results showed that several filoplan bacterial isolates had the ability to inhibit the growth of N. dimidiatum. The three best isolates were able to suppress disease development in vivo testing with effectiveness not significantly different from fungicides. The results indicate that filoplan bacteria from dragon fruit have the potential to be developed as biological control agents for dragon fruit stem canker.

Keywords: Antagonistic agent, Hylocereus polyrhizus, VOC, biological control