PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK KOMBINASI TERHADAP RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata Sturt L.)

Abstract

Produktivitas jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt L.) dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan unsur hara dalam tanah. Penggunaan pupuk anorganik secara terus-menerus berpotensi menurunkan kualitas tanah sehingga diperlukan strategi pemupukan yang mampu meningkatkan produktivitas sekaligus menjaga kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi pupuk hayati, pupuk organik, dan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan, produktivitas, tingkat kemanisan, serta kesuburan tanah pada budidaya jagung manis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Departemen Riset Petrokimia Gresik, Jawa Timur, pada Oktober 2025 hingga Januari 2026 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) satu faktor dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan sehingga diperoleh 15 satuan percobaan. Perlakuan meliputi P1 (kontrol), P2 (pupuk hayati 100%), P3 (pupuk hayati 100% + pupuk organik 75% + NPK 50%), P4 (pupuk hayati 75% + pupuk organik 50% + NPK 100%), dan P5 (pupuk hayati 50% + pupuk organik 100% + NPK 75%). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pupuk berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis. Perlakuan P4 memberikan hasil terbaik pada sebagian besar parameter pengamatan. Selain itu, sebagian besar perlakuan meningkatkan kandungan nitrogen, fosfor, dan kalium serta mempertahankan pH tanah pada kisaran netral hingga agak masam setelah panen. Dengan demikian, kombinasi pupuk hayati 75%, pupuk organik 50%, dan pupuk NPK 100% (P4) merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan, produktivitas, tingkat kemanisan, dan kesuburan tanah sehingga berpotensi diterapkan sebagai strategi pemupukan yang efektif dan berkelanjutan pada budidaya jagung manis.

The productivity of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt L.) is strongly influenced by the availability of soil nutrients. Continuous application of inorganic fertilizers may reduce soil quality; therefore, an integrated fertilization strategy is needed to improve crop productivity while maintaining soil fertility. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a combination of biofertilizer, organic fertilizer, and NPK fertilizer on the growth, productivity, sweetness level, and soil fertility of sweet corn. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Field of the Research Department, Petrokimia Gresik, East Java, from October 2025 to January 2026 using a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of five treatments and three replications, resulting in 15 experimental units. The treatments were P1 (control), P2 (100% biofertilizer), P3 (100% biofertilizer + 75% organic fertilizer + 50% NPK), P4 (75% biofertilizer + 50% organic fertilizer + 100% NPK), and P5 (50% biofertilizer + 100% organic fertilizer + 75% NPK). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that the combined fertilizer application significantly affected the growth and yield of sweet corn. Treatment P4 produced the best performance for most observed parameters. Furthermore, most treatments increased soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents while maintaining soil pH within the neutral to slightly acidic range after harvest. Therefore, the combination of 75% biofertilizer, 50% organic fertilizer, and 100% NPK fertilizer (P4) was the most effective treatment for improving plant growth, productivity, sweetness, and soil fertility, indicating its potential as an effective and sustainable fertilization strategy for sweet corn cultivation.