ANALISIS JARINGAN KELEMBAGAAN PEMBANGUNAN KOMODITAS PADI DI KAWASAN TRANSMIGRASI PONU, NTT MELALUI PENDEKATAN SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS

Abstract

Pengembangan komoditas padi melibatkan berbagai aktor yang saling berinteraksi dalam pertukaran informasi, kolaborasi, koordinasi, pengaruh, serta distribusi bantuan dan sumber daya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur dan pola jaringan pertanian komoditas padi, mengidentifikasi aktor kunci, serta merumuskan strategi penguatan kelembagaan di Kawasan Transmigrasi Ponu. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner Social Network Analysis (SNA), wawancara mendalam, observasi, dokumentasi, dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Analisis SNA dilakukan terhadap interaksi, kolaborasi, arus informasi, pengaruh, bantuan fisik dan nonfisik, serta bantuan finansial menggunakan degree, closeness, betweenness, dan eigenvector centrality. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jaringan membentuk centralized network, dengan Dinas Pertanian dan PPL Biboki Anleu sebagai aktor paling sentral. PPL Biboki Anleu berperan sebagai gatekeeper yang menghubungkan berbagai aktor, sedangkan hubungan horizontal antarkelembagaan masih terbatas. Analisis SWOT menghasilkan strategi berupa pengembangan sentra komoditas berbasis kelembagaan desa, penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan, optimalisasi BUMDes dan koperasi sebagai agregator, pengembangan kemitraan usaha, serta revitalisasi tata kelola kelembagaan.

Rice commodity development involves various actors who interact through information exchange, collaboration, coordination, influence, and the distribution of assistance and resources. This study aimed to analyze the structure and patterns of the rice commodity agricultural network, identify key actors, and formulate strategies for institutional strengthening in the Ponu Transmigration Area. The study employed a mixed methods approach, with data collected through Social Network Analysis (SNA) questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observations, documentation, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). SNA was conducted to analyze interactions, collaboration, information flows, influence, physical and non-physical assistance, and financial assistance using degree, clossenness betweenness, and eigenvector centrality. The results showed that the network formed a centralized network, with the Agriculture Office and the Biboki Anleu Agricultural Extension Officer (PPL) as the most central actors. The Biboki Anleu PPL served as a gatekeeper connecting various actors, while horizontal relationships among institutions remained limited. SWOT analysis resulted in strategies including the development of commodity centers based on village institutions, institutional capacity strengthening, optimization of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) and cooperatives as aggregators, development of business partnerships, and revitalization of institutional governance.