Penentuan Komoditas Unggulan Pertanian Berbasis Partisipatif dan Arahan Pengembangannya di Desa Cipeuteuy

Abstract

Penetapan komoditas unggulan pertanian di tingkat desa umumnya masih dilakukan secara top-down tanpa melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat dan tanpa mempertimbangkan kelayakan usaha tani, ketersediaan, dan kesesuaian lahan secara terpadu, termasuk di Desa Cipeuteuy, Kabupaten Sukabumi. Desa ini dikategorikan Desa Prioritas III akibat kerentanan pangan kategori menengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi komoditas unggulan pertanian secara partisipatif pada enam dusun, menganalisis kelayakan usaha tani, menilai ketersediaan dan kesesuaian lahan, serta merumuskan arahan strategi pengembangannya. Metode yang digunakan meliputi Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), analisis usaha tani berbasis Gross Margin dan B/C ratio, evaluasi kesesuaian lahan, serta analisis AHP-SWOT (A'WOT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan cabai keriting menjadi komoditas unggulan utama pada lima dari enam dusun dengan B/C ratio 1,89-6,34, sedangkan padi sawah menjadi komoditas unggulan utama di Dusun Leuwi Waluh I meski kurang menguntungkan secara ekonomi karena berperan sebagai penopang ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Meskipun sebagian besar lahan tergolong tidak sesuai akibat lereng curam, budidaya cabai keriting tetap layak berkat program pengembangan kawasan hortikultura, pengalaman petani, dan ketersediaan irigasi. Analisis A'WOT mengarahkan Desa Cipeuteuy pada strategi pertumbuhan agresif yang mengoptimalkan ketersediaan lahan dan dukungan kebijakan daerah. Temuan ini berimplikasi pada pentingnya integrasi preferensi petani, kelayakan ekonomi, dan kesesuaian lahan dalam perencanaan pengembangan komoditas unggulan desa berkelanjutan.

The establishment of leading agricultural commodities at the village level is generally still carried out top-down, without community participation and without comprehensively considering farm-business feasibility, land availability, and suitability, including in Cipeuteuy Village, Sukabumi Regency. Cipeuteuy categorized as a Priority III Village due to moderate food vulnerability. This study aimed to identify leading agricultural commodities participatorily across six hamlets, analyze farm-business feasibility, assess land availability and suitability, and formulate development strategy directions. Methods included Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), farm-business analysis based on Gross Margin and B/C ratio, land suitability evaluation, and AHP-SWOT (A'WOT) analysis. Results showed curly chili was the main leading commodity in five of six hamlets, with a B/C ratio of 1.89–6.34, while lowland rice was the main leading commodity in Leuwi Waluh I, despite being less profitable, serving as a food-security buffer. Although most land was classified unsuitable due to steep slopes, curly chili cultivation remained feasible owing to the horticultural development program, farmers' experience, and available irrigation. The A'WOT analysis directed Cipeuteuy Village toward an aggressive growth strategy optimizing land availability and regional policy support. These findings imply the importance of integrating farmers' preferences, economic feasibility, and land suitability in planning sustainable development of leading village commodities.