EVALUASI KERAGAAN KARAKTER HASIL DAN DAYA GABUNG GALUR-GALUR JAGUNG IPB UNTUK PERAKITAN VARIETAS JAGUNG SEMI

Abstract

Jagung semi adalah jagung yang dipanen pada fase muda sebelum penyerbukan, ketika bijinya belum berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keragaan dan keragaman genetik pada tiga jenis jagung. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Pasir Kuda, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB, dari bulan Juli sampai September 2025. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak pola tersarang dengan perlakuan detasseling (pembuangan bunga jantan) dan genotipe, yang disusun secara faktorial. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa genotipe secara signifikan mempengaruhi semua karakter, sedangkan detasseling dan interaksi genotipe x detasseling signifikan terhadap beberapa karakter. Jumlah buku, jumlah tongkol per tanaman, bobot tongkol, dan bobot jagung semi pada perlakuan detasseling lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa detasseling; namun, interaksi genotipe x detasseling tidak signifikan, kecuali untuk karakter jumlah tongkol per tanaman. Genotipe B2T13.1.8A.1 dan JPT10.1 berpotensi digunakan sebagai tetua dalam perakitan varietas khusus jagung semi karena menghasilkan lebih dari tiga tongkol per tanaman.

Baby corn is corn harvested in its young phase before pollination, when the kernels have not yet developed. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and genetic diversity of baby corn traits across three corn types. The experiment was conducted at the Pasir Kuda Experimental Field, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, from July to September 2025. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized nested design with detasseling (panicle removal) and genotype treatments, arranged in a factorial design. The results showed that genotype significantly affected all characters, whereas detasseling and the genotype x detasseling interaction had significant effects on only some characters. The number of nodes and the number of cobs per plant, as well as the weight of cobs with and without husks in genotypes with detasseling, were higher than those without detasseling; however, the effect of the genotype x detasseling interaction was not significant except for the number of cobs per plant. Genotypes B2T13.1.8A.1 and JPT10.1 have the potential to serve as parents in the development of special semi-corn varieties because they produce more than three cobs per plant