Keawetan Kayu Pinus (Pinus merkusii) Termodifikasi Boron dan Polyurethane

Abstract

DEVA RISKI EKA FEBRIAN. Keawetan kayu pinus (Pinus merkusii) termodifikasi Boron dan Polyurethane. Dibimbing oleh IMAM WAHYUDI.

Kayu Pinus merkusii merupakan material yang banyak dimanfaatkan, tetapi memiliki keawetan alami yang rendah terhadap serangan organisme perusak. Oleh karena itu, pengawetan dan coating diperlukan untuk memperpanjang umur pakai serta meningkatkan nilai ekonomi kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh pengawetan dengan boron secara rendaman dingin dan clear coating polyurethane terhadap keawetan kayu pinus. Perlakuan terdiri atas kontrol, pengawetan dengan boron 3%, clear coating polyurethane, dan kombinasi keduanya. Pengujian lapangan dilakukan menggunakan graveyard test selama tiga bulan dengan parameter prosentase kehilangan berat dan tingkat kerusakan kayu. Selain itu diukur juga retensi dan penetrasi bahan pengawet serta daya lekat coating. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan retensi rata-rata bahan pengawet sangat minim, sebesar 1,15 kg/m³, dan penetrasinya tidak memenuhi persyaratan SNI 0674-2017. Daya lekat coating meningkat seiring mengeringnya coating. Kombinasi perlakuan pengawetan dan coating merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan kehilangan berat hanya sebesar 6,86%, yang mengindikasikan adanya peningkatan ketahanan kayu pinus terhadap serangan organisme perusak.

Kata kunci: clear coating, keawetan kayu, Pinus merkusii, polyurethane

DEVA RISKI EKA FEBRIAN. Durability of pine wood (Pinus merkusii) modified with Boron and Polyurethane. Supervised by IMAM WAHYUDI.

Pinus merkusii wood is a natural material that is widely used, but it has low natural durability against attacking organisms. Preservation and coating treatments are needed to extend its lifespan and increase the wood's economic value. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preservative treatment and polyurethane clear coating treatment on the durability of pine wood. The treatments included a control, 3% boron, polyurethane clear coating, and a combination of both. Field testing was done using a graveyard test over three months with parameters namely weight loss and wood damage level. Retention and penetration of boron as well as the quality level of coating adhesion were also analyzed. The results showed that the retention of boron was very low, i.e. 1.15 kg/m³ and the penetration did not meet the SNI 0674-2017 requirements. The adhesion of the coating increases as the coating dries. The combination of preservative and coating treatment provided the best durability level of the wood with the lowest weight loss (only 6.86%), making it more effective at increasing the resistance of pine wood against pests compared to other treatments.

Keywords: clear coating, durability, Pinus merkusii, polyurethane