Analisis Kinerja Distribusi Air Berdasarkan Akurasi Volume dan Kestabilan Tekanan pada Sistem Irigasi Presisi Berbasis IoT

Abstract

Ketersediaan air adalah faktor krusial dalam pertanian, namun ketersediaannya semakin terbatas. Praktik irigasi konvensional di Indonesia umumnya tidak efisien dan boros air. Konsep irigasi presisi berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) hadir sebagai solusi, namun sistem yang ada saat ini kebanyakan masih fokus memantau kelembapan tanah. Aspek kinerja distribusi air, seperti kestabilan tekanan dan volume aktual yang keluar, justru belum banyak dievaluasi. Padahal, tekanan yang tidak stabil dapat memicu masalah teknis seperti kebocoran atau penyumbatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan menganalisis kinerja distribusi sistem irigasi presisi berbasis mikrokontroler ESP32 yang mengintegrasikan flow sensor YF-B1 (pengukur debit/volume) dan pressure transducer 0–1 MPa (pemantau tekanan) secara real-time. Arsitektur perangkat lunak dibangun menggunakan protokol MQTT untuk transmisi data, Node.js sebagai server, MySQL sebagai database, dan React.js sebagai dashboard monitoring interaktif. Kinerja sistem dievaluasi menggunakan tiga parameter utama: akurasi volume (dianalisis dengan MAPE), kestabilan tekanan (dianalisis dengan SD dan CV), serta kemampuan deteksi anomali. Diharapkan model ini dapat menyediakan data kuantitatif yang valid mengenai akurasi dan kestabilan distribusi air serta menjadi acuan dalam penerapan smart farming di Indonesia.

Water availability is a crucial factor in agriculture, yet its availability is increasingly limited. Conventional irrigation practices in Indonesia are generally inefficient and wasteful. The concept of precision irrigation based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a solution, but most existing systems still focus on monitoring soil moisture. Water distribution performance aspects, such as pressure stability and actual volume discharged, have not been widely evaluated. However, unstable pressure can trigger technical problems like leaks or blockages. This study aims to design and analyze the distribution performance of a precision irrigation system based on an ESP32 microcontroller that integrates a YF-B1 flow sensor (to measure flow rate/volume) and a 0–1 MPa pressure transducer (to monitor water pressure) in real-time. The software architecture is built using the MQTT protocol for data transmission, Node.js as a server, MySQL as a database, and React.js as an interactive monitoring dashboard. System performance is evaluated using three main parameters: volume accuracy (analyzed with MAPE), pressure stability (analyzed with SD and CV), and anomaly detection capabilities. It is expected that this model can provide valid quantitative data on water distribution accuracy and stability and serve as a reference for the implementation of smart farming in Indonesia.