Valuasi Ekonomi Trenggiling Sunda (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822)

Abstract

Trenggiling sunda (Manis javanica) menghadapi ancaman perdagangan ilegal sehingga diperlukan valuasi ekonomi sebagai dasar penentuan nilai kerugian dan kebijakan penegak hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan menduga nilai ekonomi trenggiling sunda menggunakan metode harga pasar, biaya pemeliharaan, dan valuasi kontingensi melalui pendekatan willingness to pay (WTP), serta membandingkan ketepatannya. Penelitian dilakukan pada Februari–April 2026 melalui penelusuran daring, wawancara pengelola Taman Margasatwa Ragunan dan Batu Secret Zoo, dan penyebaran kuesioner kepada 100 pengunjung Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Data dianalisis menggunakan rata-rata harga pasar tertimbang, biaya pemeliharaan, nilai WTP, uji chi-square, dan analisis deskriptif komparatif. Nilai ekonomi yang diperoleh sebesar Rp3.856.059/ekor (harga pasar), Rp18.490.513/ekor/16 bulan (biaya pemeliharaan), dan Rp3.948.000/ekor (valuasi kontingensi). Tingkat pendapatan dan pendidikan berhubungan dengan nilai WTP. Metode biaya pemeliharaan menghasilkan estimasi tertinggi serta lebih stabil, realistis, efektif, dan efisien dibandingkan metode lainnya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar valuasi ekonomi satwa liar, penentuan nilai kerugian akibat perdagangan ilegal, dan pengambilan keputusan konservasi trenggiling sunda.

The Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) is threatened by illegal trade, making economic valuation essential for estimating losses and supporting law enforcement. This study estimated its economic value using the market price, maintenance cost, and contingent valuation methods with a willingness to pay (WTP) approach, and compared their accuracy. Data were collected from February to April 2026 through online searches, interviews with managers at Ragunan Wildlife Park and Batu Secret Zoo, and questionnaires administered to 100 Ragunan Wildlife Park visitors. Analyses included weighted average market price, maintenance cost, WTP estimation, chi-square tests, and comparative descriptive analysis. The estimated values were Rp3.856.059 per individual (market price), Rp18.490.513 per individual over 16 months (maintenance cost), and Rp3.948.000 per individual (contingent valuation). Income and education were associated with WTP. The maintenance cost method produced the highest estimate and was the most stable, realistic, effective, and efficient. These findings support wildlife economic valuation, estimation of illegal trade losses, and Sunda pangolin conservation.